Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Comparison of seismic performance of three restrainers for multiple-span bridges using fragility analysis

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Nonlinear Dynamics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Steel restrainer cables for multiple-frame bridges in California in the United States showed the effectiveness to prevent the unseating at the internal hinges during the past several earthquakes. After that, the steel restrainer cables are being tried to apply for multiple-span-simply-supported (MSSS) bridges in the central and the southeastern regions in the United States. In addition, shape memory alloy (SMA) bars in tension are being studied for the same application. In multiple-frame bridges, the developed seismic forces are transferred to piers through the restrainers; however, in MSSS bridges, the seismic forces are transferred to abutments by the restrainers. Therefore, the abutment’s behavior should be investigated as well. This study assesses the seismic performance of the three types of restrainers—steel restrainer cables, SMA bars in tension, and SMA bars in bending for MSSS bridges—due to moderate to strong ground motions using a deterministic seismic analysis. Also, a fragility analysis is conduced to assess the seismic resistance for the overall bridge system. For these analyses, the bending test of an SMA bar is conducted and its analytical model is determined. Then, nonlinear time history analyses are conducted to assess the seismic responses of the as-built and the retrofitted bridges. The deterministic analysis illustrates how the restrainers influence the components of the bridge. However, it could not explain the effects on the whole bridge system. The fragility analysis shows the effects of the three restrainers on the overall bridge system. The fragility analysis indicates that the SMA bars in bending are the most effective ones.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Copper, J.D., Friedland, I.M., Buckle, I.G., Nimis, R.B., Bob, N.M.: The Northridge Earthquake: progress made, lessons learned in seismic-resistant bridge design. Public Roads 58, 26–36 (1994)

    Google Scholar 

  2. CALTRANS: Bridge Design Specifications Manual. California Department of Transportation (1990)

  3. DesRoches, R., Delemont, M.: Seismic retrofit of simply supported bridges using shape memory alloys. Eng. Struct. 24, 325–332 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Dolce, M., Cardone, D., Marnetto, R.: Implementation and testing of passive control devices based on shape memory alloys. Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn. 29, 945–968 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Wilde, K., Gardoni, P., Fukino, Y.: Base isolation system with shape memory alloy device for elevated highway bridges. Eng. Struct. 22, 222–229 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. DesRoches, R., McCormick, J., Delemont, M.: Cyclic properties of superelastic shape memory alloy wires and bars. ASCE J. Struct. Eng. 130(1), 38–46 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Andrawes, R., DesRoches, R.: Unseating prevention for multiple frame bridges using superelastic devices. Smart Mater. Struct. 14, s60–s67 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Ocel, J., DesRoches, R., Leon, R.T., Hess, W.G., Krumme, R., Hayes, J.R., Sweeney, S.: Steel beam column connections using shape memory alloys. ASCE J. Struct. Eng. 130(5), 732–740 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Adachi, Y., Unjoh, S., Kondoh, M.: Development of a shape memory alloy damper for intelligent bridge systems. In: Proceedings of the International Symposium on Shape Memory Materials, Kanazawa, Japan, pp. 31–34 (1998)

  10. Choi, E., Lee, D.H., Choei, N.-Y.: Shape memory alloy bending bars as seismic restrainers for bridges in seismic areas. Int. J. Steel Struct. 9(4), 261–273 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Duerig, T., Pelton, A., Stockel, D.: An overview of nitinol medical applications. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 273–275, 149–160 (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Kaounides, L.: Advanced materials—Corporate strategies for competitive advantage in the 1990s. FT Management Reports, Pearson Professional Ltd., London (1995)

  13. Tobushi, H., Hashimoto, T., Shimeno, Y., Takata, K.: Fatigue properties of TiNi shape memory alloy. Mater. Sci. Forum 327–328, 151–154 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Wagner, M., Sawaguchi, T., Kaustrater, G., Hoffken, D., Eggeler, G.: Structural fatigue of pseudoelastic NiTi shape memory wires. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 378, 105–109 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Miyazaki, S., Mizukoshi, K., Ueki, T., Sakuma, T., Liu, Y.: Fatigue life Ti-50 at.% Ni and Ti-40Ni-10Cu (at.%) shape memory alloy wires. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 273–275, 658–663 (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Johnson, R., Padgett, J.E., Maragakis, M.E., DesRoches, R., Saiidi, S.: Large scale testing of nitinol shape memory alloy devices for retrofitting of bridges. Smart Mater. Struct. 17, 1–10 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Prakash, V., Powell, G.H., Campbell, S.D., Filippou, F.C.: DRAIN 2DX User Guide. Department of Civil Engineering, University of California at Berkeley (1992)

  18. Mander, J.B., Kim, D.K., Chen, S.S., Premus, G.J.: Response of steel bridge bearings to the reversed cyclic loading. Technical Report NCEER 96-0014, Buffalo, NY (1996)

  19. Choi, E., DesRoches, R., Nielson, B.: Seismic fragility of typical bridges in moderate seismic zones. Eng. Struct. 26, 187–199 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Maroney, B., Karl, R., Kutter, B.: Experimental testing of laterally loaded large scale bridge abutments. In: Structural Engineering in Natural Hazards Mitigation, pp. 1065–1070 (1993)

  21. Tsai, N.C.: Spectrum-compatible motions for design purposes. ASCE J. Eng. Mech. Div. 98, 345–356 (1972)

    Google Scholar 

  22. Kaul, M.K.: Spectrum-consistent time-history generation. ASCE J. Eng. Mech. Div. 104, 781–788 (1978)

    Google Scholar 

  23. Lilhanand, K., Tseng, W.S.: Generation of synthetic time histories compatible with multiple damping design response spectra. In: SMiRT-9, Lausanne, Switzerland, K2/10, pp. 105–110 (1987)

  24. Choi, D.H., Lee, S.H.: Multi-damping earthquake design spectra compatible motion histories. Nucl. Eng. Des. 226, 221–230 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. AASHTO: AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications, SI Units 4th Edition. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Washington, DC (2007)

  26. Wen, Y.K., Wu, C.L.: Uniform hazard ground motions for Mid-America cities. Earthq. Spectra 17(2), 359–384 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Dutta, A., Mander, J.B.: Seismic fragility analysis of highway bridges. In: Proceedings of the Center-to-Center Project Workshop on Earthquake Engineering in Transportation System, Tokyo, Japan (1999)

  28. Dicleli, M.: Supplemental elastic stiffness to reduce isolator displacement for seismic-isolated bridges in near-fault zones. Eng. Struct. 29, 763–775 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Civil Engineering, Hongik University, Seoul, 121-791, Korea

    E. Choi & S.-J. Yoon

  2. Railroad Structure Research Department, Korea Railroad Research Institute, Uiwang, 437-757, Korea

    J. Park

  3. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 133-791, Korea

    D.-H. Choi

  4. Department of Civil Engineering, Kangwon National University, Samcheok, 245-711, Korea

    C. Park

Authors
  1. E. Choi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. J. Park
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. S.-J. Yoon
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. D.-H. Choi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. C. Park
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to E. Choi.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Choi, E., Park, J., Yoon, SJ. et al. Comparison of seismic performance of three restrainers for multiple-span bridges using fragility analysis. Nonlinear Dyn 61, 83–99 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11071-009-9633-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11071-009-9633-6

Search

Navigation