Abstract
The determination of landslide stabilities and thrust forces is the premise for designing landslide stabilizing structures. The shear strength of the slip zone, which is a key factor affecting the stability and thrust force of landslides, constantly changes in time and space with landslide movement. Therefore, this phenomenon should be considered. In this study, a method that dynamically evaluates landslide stabilities and thrust forces by considering the variation in the shear strength of the slip zone with landslide movement by technically utilizing the whole process data of the ring shear test is proposed. The method was applied to the Huangtupo landslide in the Three Gorges Reservoir area of China. The results demonstrate that the proposed method has obvious advantages in considering uneven deformation of the landslide and the gradual weakening process of the shear strength of the slip zone. Moreover, the spatial distribution of the weakening coefficient that reflects the weakening degree of the shear strength of the slip zone proved to be quantitatively described well by the S-shaped curve equation.
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Abbreviations
- D :
-
Soil damage degree with a value ranging from 0 to 1
- F r :
-
Strength reduction factor
- F sa :
-
Safety coefficient
- F st :
-
Landslide stability coefficient
- F sp i :
-
Seepage force of slice i
- G :
-
Shear modulus of the soil
- h :
-
Effective thickness of the specimen in the shear test
- j :
-
Hydraulic gradient and approximately equals sinθi
- k :
-
Weakening coefficient
- K s :
-
Shear stiffness
- L :
-
Horizontal length of the slide zone
- l i :
-
Bottom length of the slice
- l x :
-
Distance between position x and the leading edge
- m :
-
Shear constitutive model parameter related to shear strength decay rate
- N i :
-
Normal force of slice i
- P i :
-
Thrust of slice i
- P i −1 :
-
Thrust from slice i − 1
- P n :
-
Thrust of the last slice
- R i :
-
Resistance force
- T i :
-
Sliding force of slice i
- u :
-
Shear displacement along the shearing direction
- u 0 :
-
Shear constitutive model parameter related to peak displacement and peak strength
- u L :
-
Horizontal displacement of the leading edge of the landslide
- u p :
-
Shear displacement at peak point
- u x :
-
Horizontal displacement of the landslide at position x
- u y :
-
Shear displacement at yield point
- V b i :
-
Submerged volume of slice i
- W a i :
-
Natural weight of the upper part above the phreatic surface
- W b i :
-
Effective weight of the lower part that is fully submerged
- W i :
-
Weight of slice i
- x :
-
Horizontal position of the slip zone
- α i :
-
Slip surface dipping angle at slice i
- α i −1 :
-
Slip surface dipping angle at slice i − 1
- γ :
-
Shear strain of the soil
- γ w :
-
Unit weight of water
- θ i :
-
Slope angle of the phreatic surface in slice i
- σ n :
-
Normal stress
- σ n i :
-
Normal stress on the slip surface of slice i
- τ :
-
Shear strength of the slip zone soil
- τ′:
-
Shear strength of the undamaged portion of the soil
- τ′′:
-
Shear strength of the damaged portion of the soil
- τ p :
-
Peak strength
- τ r :
-
Residual strength
- τ s :
-
Shear strength corresponding to the relative shear displacement
- τ s i :
-
Average shear strength of the slip surface at slice i
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Funding
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 42077268, 42020104006, 42007268), and the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province of China (2020CFB451).
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All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation were performed by ZZ and JY. Data collection were done by TL and YL. Analysis were performed by QT and XH. The first draft of the manuscript was written by ZZ and TL. All authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Zou, Z., Luo, T., Tan, Q. et al. Dynamic determination of landslide stability and thrust force considering slip zone evolution. Nat Hazards 118, 31–53 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-023-05992-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-023-05992-1