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Reconstruction of short-term storm surge-driven increases in shallow coastal lake salinity using ostracod shell chemistry

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Abstract

Climate change threatens the current protection provided by coastal defences in low-lying mid-latitude regions and increases the risk to coastal lakes from future frequent and intense storms. Quantifying and understanding the impacts of past storm surges, therefore, has significant implications for the management and conservation of coastal wetlands worldwide. However, short-term (< 10 year) increases in salinity driven by storm surges are problematic to reconstruct via the palaeolimnological record due to sampling resolution and smoothing of trends. Here, we propose that the geochemistry (Sr/Ca and δ18O) of calcitic shells of ostracods (small bivalved crustaceans readily preserved in lacustrine sediments) is a potentially sensitive proxy for reconstructing salinity, in some cases quantitatively, in comparison with sedimentary proxies of allochthonous sediment inputs (XRF and grain size) or other biological proxies. The coastal lakes of the Thurne Broads (Norfolk and Suffolk Broads National Park) in East Anglia, UK, have a long history of sea floods associated with storm surge events in the North Sea, providing a test bed to compare ostracod palaeosalinity reconstructions (using a site-specific calibration) with known storm surges in the region. We show that Sr/Cashell values closely match known salinity changes associated with storm surges; archival records of the salinity of Horsey Mere in CE 1940 suggest a maximum salinity of 13.4 PSU with ostracod Sr/Cashell palaeosalinity calibrations giving a maximum value of 18.3 PSU. Ostracod shell chemistry, therefore, has the potential to afford more reliable reconstructions of high intensity short-term increases in salinity in mid-latitude low-lying coastal lakes.

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Fig. 1

Adapted from Roberts et al. (2019)

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Acknowledgements

Figure 2 has been reproduced with the permission of Historic Environment England under the licence number EPW056554. The research was funded by a studentship from the UK Natural Environment Research Council as part of the London NERC DTP (NE/L002485/1) and a CASE partnership with the Broads Authority. The collection of modern samples from Horsey Mere was funded by a New Researcher’s Award from the Quaternary Research Association. The authors thank: Robin Buxton and the National Trust for permission to sample Horsey Mere; the UK Environment Agency for providing water quality monitoring data; Huw Bennett and Panagiotis Koullouros for processing of samples; Ian Boomer for providing specimens of C. subsalsa collected in Norfolk for comparison with our core material; Peter Doktor from the Environment Agency for insightful comments on the current Norfolk coastline coastal defences; Jim Davy for assistance with SEM imaging; and Miles Irving for cartography and figure drafting assistance. We also thank two anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful comments, which helped to improve the manuscript. 

Funding

The research was funded by a studentship from the UK Natural Environment Research Council as part of the London NERC DTP (NE/L002485/1) and a CASE partnership with the Broads Authority.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, C. F. Møllers Allé 4-5, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark

    Lucy R. Roberts

  2. School of Geography, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK

    Lucy R. Roberts & David J. Horne

  3. Environmental Change Research Centre, Department of Geography, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK

    Lucy R. Roberts, Jonathan A. Holmes & Carl D. Sayer

  4. National Environmental Isotope Facility, British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham, NG12 5GG, UK

    Melanie J. Leng

  5. Centre for Environmental Geochemistry, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK

    Melanie J. Leng

  6. Centre for Quaternary Research, Department of Geography, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK

    Rhys G. O. Timms, Katy Flowers & Simon P. M. Blockley

  7. School of Archaeology, Geography and Environmental Science, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AB, UK

    Rhys G. O. Timms

  8. Broads Authority, Yare House, 62-64 Thorpe Road, Norwich, NR1 1RY, UK

    Andrea Kelly

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Contributions

LR: Conceptualization, formal analysis, visualization, investigation, writing-original draft. JH: Conceptualization, methodology, supervision, writing-review and editing. DH: Conceptualization, supervision, writing-review and editing. ML: Investigation, writing-review and editing. CS: Conceptualization, supervision, writing-review and editing. RT: Investigation, writing-review and editing. KF: Investigation, writing-review and editing. SB: Formal analysis, visualization, writing-review and editing. AK: Conceptualization, supervision, writing-review and editing.

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Roberts, L.R., Holmes, J.A., Horne, D.J. et al. Reconstruction of short-term storm surge-driven increases in shallow coastal lake salinity using ostracod shell chemistry. Nat Hazards 114, 2059–2085 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-022-05459-9

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