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Comprehensive analysis using multiple-integrated techniques on the failure mechanism and dynamic process of a long run-out landslide: Jichang landslide case

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Abstract

This study systematically investigates the failure mechanism and dynamic process of a long run-out landslide in Jichang town based on multiple-integrated geotechniques including field investigations, remote sensing analysis, electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) analysis, seismic signal analysis, and numerical simulations. Multi-period remote sensing images show that there was no deformation of the slope before failure that the landslide occurred suddenly, and that rainfall was the main triggering factor. The field investigations and the ERT analysis show that the bedrock of basalt below the Quaternary deposits is moderately strongly weathered and fractured and was full of water from the heavy rainfall that occurred before failure. In addition, field investigations and ERT results show that the geometry of the slip surface is stair-stepping, indicating that there was at least one locked segment on the potential failure path before failure. The authors conclude that the failure of the Jichang landslide was caused by fractured rock filled with rainwater that reduced the shear strength of the discontinuous planes and increased the pore water pressure and weight of the material; this caused the damage of the locked segments and triggered a sudden landslide. Seismic signal analysis shows that the entire run-out process lasted for 60 s and can be divided into three stages: the initial failure stage, the acceleration stage, and the deposition stage. The initial failure stage lasted for 20 s, the acceleration stage lasted for 15 s, and the deposition stage lasted for 25 s. The results of the landslide run-out simulation based on a 3D SPH model are consistent with the seismic signal analysis and show that the peak speed of the sliding mass reached up to 45 m/s. This study shows that the multiple-integrated geotechniques are very useful in run-out landslide investigation and can be used as a reference in similar future studies.

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Acknowledgements

Our deepest gratitude goes to the editors and reviewers for their careful work and thoughtful suggestions that have helped improve this paper substantially.

Funding

This study was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation (No.41790432) and the fellowship of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No.2020M683369).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Earth Surface Process / Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China

    Yiding Bao & Lijun Su

  2. College of Civil Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China

    Hong Wang & Peng Shao

  3. China-Pakistan Joint Research Centre on Earth Sciences, CAS-HEC, Islamabad, Pakistan

    Lijun Su

  4. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China

    Lijun Su

  5. China Construction 4th Engineering Bureau 6th Corp.Limited, Shanghai, 201100, China

    Dajiang Geng

  6. Guizhou Institute of Geological Environment Monitoring, Guiyang, 550081, China

    Liang Yang

  7. College of Construction Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130026, China

    Yiding Bao & Yuchao Li

  8. DongChen International School, Chengdu, 621051, China

    Ni Du

Authors
  1. Yiding Bao
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  2. Hong Wang
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  3. Lijun Su
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  6. Peng Shao
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  7. Yuchao Li
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  8. Ni Du
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Contributions

Yiding Bao carried out the numerical simulation and wrote the manuscript. Hong Wang supervised overall direction and provided geological data. Lijun Su provided funding for the research and revised the manuscript. Dajiang Geng and Peng Shao supervised the project and contributed to interpret the results. Yuchao Li and Ni Du put forward valuable comments and worked on the manuscript. All authors provided critical feedback and reviewed the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Hong Wang.

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The authors declared that they have no conflicts of interest in this work. We declare that we do not have any commercial or associative interest that represents a conflict of interest in connection with the work submitted.

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Bao, Y., Wang, H., Su, L. et al. Comprehensive analysis using multiple-integrated techniques on the failure mechanism and dynamic process of a long run-out landslide: Jichang landslide case. Nat Hazards 112, 2197–2215 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-022-05261-7

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