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Numerical simulation of the Qulong Paleolandslide Dam event in the late pleistocene using the finite volume type shallow water model

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Abstract

The Qulong paleolandslide dam event lies in the Benzilan-Batang zone of the upper Jinsha River. The Jinsha River is one of the most extensive water resources in southwest China. Here, the geological environment is complex, and the tectonic activity is intense. Thus, landslide dam events occur frequently, forming large barrier lakes. Analyzing and understanding these events is vital to ensure the safe development and utilization of land and water resources in the Jinsha River valley. In this study, the Qulong paleolandslide dam event, which formed a large barrier lake, is analyzed in detail. The topographic and grain-size analyses of the barrier lake's Qulong gully and lacustrine sediments imply that the Qulong paleolandslide occurred during the last interglacial period. The instability of moraine in the source area caused the landslide dam event that forms a rapid landslide and then transformed into a high-speed clastic flow. Historical data indicate that more than 90% of barrier lakes along the Jinsha are earthquake-triggered landslides, so the relationship between magnitude and epicenter distance of earthquake that induced the Qulong paleolandslide are calculated by Newmark method. The SFLOW software has been used to examine the post-failure evolution and movement characteristics of the Qulong paleolandslide. The results show that the speed of clastic flow reaches 41 m/s or so, and the clastic flow blocks the ancient Jinsha River channel whose thickness reaches 100 m or so, the largest up to 111 m, and its length is more than 4.5 km. Moreover, the high-speed clastic flow runs over the front of the Yinduba platform.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the editor and anonymous reviewers for their comments and suggestions which helped a lot in making this paper better.

Funding

This research was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41941017, U1702241), the National Key Research and Development Plan (Grant No. 2018YFC1505301), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41807227), and the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Funded Project (Grant No. 2017M621212).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Construction Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130026, China

    Xiaohui Sun, Jianping Chen, Yiding Bao & Wei Peng

  2. Center for Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, CGS, Baoding, 071051, China

    Xudong Han

  3. Department of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China

    Xiaohui Sun

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  1. Xiaohui Sun
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Contributions

Xiaohui Sun contributed to data analysis and manuscript writing. Xudong Han, Jianping Chen, Yiding Bao and Wei Peng proposed the main structure of this study. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Jianping Chen.

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The data that support the finding this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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The SFLOW software that support the finding this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Sun, X., Han, X., Chen, J. et al. Numerical simulation of the Qulong Paleolandslide Dam event in the late pleistocene using the finite volume type shallow water model. Nat Hazards 111, 439–464 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-021-05060-6

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