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Investigation of the landslides in Beylikdüzü-Esenyurt Districts of Istanbul from InSAR and GNSS observations

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Abstract

This study aims to detect recent landslide displacements caused by geological structure of the region where there is intense urbanization using advanced Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) techniques and with Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) observations in the Beylikdüzü and Esenyurt districts in Istanbul megacity, Turkey. In this study, multiple satellites with different frequencies (C-band, L-band) and periodic GNSS observations were employed. For the entire peninsula, we processed 149 images from the ascending orbit, 144 images from the descending orbit of Sentinel-1 (C-Band) and 24 ALOS-2 (L-band) images from the ascending orbit. The evaluations were carried out in the period between 2015 and 2020 for Sentinel-1 imagery and 2015–2020 for ALOS-2 imagery respectively. Since the study area is covered by dense settlements, the Persistent Scatterer InSAR (PSI) technique was utilized to determine the landslide behaviors. According to the results, for both orbits of the Sentinel-1, the horizontal displacement and the vertical displacement were observed in the range of − 10 to 6 mm. Compared to the magnitude of displacement signal measured by Sentinel-1, ALOS-2 data has higher values due to the high surface penetration of the L-band. The results showed that most of the old landslide regions are reactivated. Horizontal movement derived through Sentinel-1 showed that the highest movement overlaps with old landslides. L-band ALOS-2 provided better spatial coverage of landslide movement than C-band Sentinel-1 data, especially at the rural part along the coast of the lake.

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Acknowledgements

This study is part of first author’s Ph.D. thesis. The authors would like to thank the European Space Agency (ESA) for providing Sentinel-1 data and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) for providing ALOS-2 data under project 3210. Also, we thank Müslüm Hacar, Hüseyin Duman, Batuhan Kılıç and Zeynel Abidin Polat for assistance with the GNSS observations and thank Ahmet Delen for assistance on InSAR processing steps.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Geomatic Engineering, Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University, 67100, Zonguldak, Turkey

    Caglar Bayik

  2. Department of Geomatic Engineering, Hacettepe University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey

    Saygin Abdikan

  3. Department of Geomatic Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, 34210, Istanbul, Turkey

    Alpay Ozdemir, Füsun Balik Sanli & Ugur Dogan

  4. BeeSense, Consultancy and Engineering on Geo-Information Technologies, Delft, Netherlands

    Mahmut Arıkan

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  1. Caglar Bayik
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  2. Saygin Abdikan
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  4. Mahmut Arıkan
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  5. Füsun Balik Sanli
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  6. Ugur Dogan
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Contributions

CB and SA conceived and designed the experiments; CB, SA, AO, MA, FBS, and UD performed the experiments; CB, SA, AO, and MA analyzed the data; CB, SA, AO, and MA contributed analysis and visualization; CB, SA, AO, MA, FBS, and UD wrote the paper.

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Correspondence to Caglar Bayik.

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Bayik, C., Abdikan, S., Ozdemir, A. et al. Investigation of the landslides in Beylikdüzü-Esenyurt Districts of Istanbul from InSAR and GNSS observations. Nat Hazards 109, 1201–1220 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-021-04875-7

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