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Soil erosion assessment using earth observation data in a trans-boundary river basin

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Abstract

Soil erosion is a challenging environmental hazard that can be reduced by conservation practices. The study aimed to estimate the soil erosion rate using different digital elevation models (DEMs) data. We have applied the revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE) to assess soil erosion in the Ghaghara river basin. We have also estimated morphometric parameters to understand the susceptibility of sub-basin to soil loss. The estimated rates of soil erosion by RUSLE are 21.39, 18.31, 4.35, and 4.64 ton/ha/year for SRTM 30 m, ALOS 30 m, MERIT 90 m, and SRTM 90 m, respectively. In addition to this water retention curve of soil was estimated using Hydrus-1D model. Result show that a clay_loam soil has highest water holding capacity as 0.284 cm3/cm3 and glacier (GLACIER-6998) has lowest as 0.22 cm3/cm3, respectively in the basin. Further the basin hypsometry analysis was performed using Q-GIS, which indicate that sub-basins age from young to mature due to soil erosion. In last, the prioritized map was generated by the integration of RULSE, water holding capacity, and morphometry showed that the upper and middle portions of the basin need better conservation measures to control the excess soil erosion compared to the lower portion of the basin.

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Acknowledgements

The authors express their gratitude toward DST-INSPIRE fellowship (No. DST/INSPIRE Fellowship/2016/IF160401), New Delhi, for research encouragement. We are thankful to Central Water Commission, New Delhi, India for providing the sediment data. Author (SKS) has received funding from SERB, New Delhi, India, (Grant no. CRG/2019/003551). We thanks to Dr. Sk Mustak, Dr. Ram L Ray, Prof. Szilard Szabo, and Dr. Rimuka Dzwairo for helping in improving the manuscript.

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  1. K. Banerjee Centre for Atmospheric and Ocean Studies, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211002, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Nirmal Kumar & Sudhir Kumar Singh

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Appendix

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Table 6 The soil types, their areal distribution in km2 and percentage, and soil texture in the study area
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6,

Table 7 Land use/land cover classes, areal percentage, and their SWAT code in the study area
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Table 8 Basic parameters of morphometry used in the Ghaghara river basin
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Table 9 Morphometric parameters in the Ghaghara river basin
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9 and

Table 10 Calculation of compound factor and prioritized ranking of the sub-basins
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10.

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Kumar, N., Singh, S.K. Soil erosion assessment using earth observation data in a trans-boundary river basin. Nat Hazards 107, 1–34 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-021-04571-6

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