Abstract
The aim of this study is to analyze the synoptic and analyzing the mechanisms of flood occurrence on April 1, 2019, in the western half of Iran. In order to statistically analyze super-heavy precipitation in western Iran, the daily meteorological data from April 2019 for 13 synoptic stations in Kermanshah, Hamadan, and Lorestan Provinces were received and used by the Meteorological Organization. The results show that on the peak day of precipitation in the western half of the country, most stations recorded more than 100 mm of precipitation, the highest of which, 127 mm, occurred at Nahavand station. The arrangement of sea level pressure patterns also indicates the existence of severe pressure gradients between the low pressure in northern Saudi Arabia and western Iran and the high pressure of Siberian and European cold cores, which have created contradictory weather conditions and a strong front at sea level. Also, in the middle and upper levels of the troposphere, with the penetration of cold air flow and cyclonic from Russia and its settlement in West Asia and the region in the form of cutoff low-pressure blocking, severe positive vorticity and divergent and humid ascent flows at all analyzed levels in the western half of the country have been created. Humidity advection maps of 500–1000 hPa levels show that at the 850 and 1000 hPa levels a humidity supply is provided from various sources in the Gulf of Aden, Red Sea, and Mediterranean Sea. But at levels of 500 and 700 hPa, only the Mediterranean Sea plays a key role in supplying and injecting humidity.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ai Y, Qian W (2020) Anomaly-based synoptic analysis on the heavy rain event of July 2018 in Japan. Nat Hazards 101:651–668. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-020-03888-y
Alizadeh-Choobari O, Najafi MS (2017) Extreme weather events in Iran under a changing climate. Clim Dyn 50:249–260. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-017-3602-4
Almazroui M, Kamil S, Ammar K et al (2016) Climatology of the 500-hPa Mediterranean storms associated with Saudi Arabia wet season precipitation. Clim Dyn 47:3029–3042. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-016-3011-0
Almazroui M, Raju PVS, Yusef A et al (2018) Simulation of extreme rainfall event of November 2009 over Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: the explicit role of topography and surface heating. Theor Appl Climatol 132:89–101. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-017-2080-2
Azirani TA, Azizi G, Asadi A, Davoudi M (2016) The role of blocking system in heavy precipitation of Iran (a case study: southeast of Iran January 2008). Arab J Geosci 9:591–606
Brown VM, Black AV, Keim BD (2019) Hourly rainfall climatology of Louisiana. Theor Appl Climatol 137(3):2011–2027. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-018-2718-8
Chen CS, Lin YL, Hsu NN et al (2011) Orographic effects on localized heavy rainfall events over southwestern Taiwan on 27 and 28 June 2008 during the post-Mei-Yu period. Atmos Res 101:595–610. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2011.04.004
Firouzabadi M, Mirzaei M, Mohebalhojeh AR (2019) The climatology of severe convective storms in Tehran. Atmos Res 221:34–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2019.01.026
Ghavidel Rahimi Y, Esmaeil A, Farajzadeh M (2015) Analysis of the effect of tropical cyclone Phet on the occurrence of heavy rainfall and floods in Chabahar, Iran. Weather 70(12):348–352. https://doi.org/10.1002/wea.2582
He Y, Yang TB, Ji Q et al (2015) Glacier variation in response to climate change in Chinese Tianshan mountains from 1989 to 2012. J Mt Sci 12(5):1189–1202. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11629-015-3445-6
Lana A, Campins J, Genovés A, Jansà A (2007) Atmospheric patterns for heavy rain events in the Balearic Island. Adv Geosci 12:27–32. https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-12-27-2007
Najafi MR, Moazami S (2016) Trends in total precipitation and magnitude–frequency of extreme precipitation in Iran 1969–2009. Int J Climatol 36:1863–1872. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.4465
Nazemosadat MJ, Shahgholian K (2017) Heavy precipitation in the southwest of Iran: association with the Madden–Julian oscillation and synoptic scale analysis. Clim Dyn 49:3091–3109. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-016-3496-6
Pfahl S (2014) Characterising the relationship between weather extremes in Europe and synoptic circulation features. Nat Hazards Earth Syst Sci 14:1461–1475. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-14-1461-2014
Radinović D, Ćurić M (2012) Some evidence on European monsoon existence. Theor Appl Climatol 110:11–15. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-012-0609-y
Rousta I, Karampour M, Doostkamian M et al (2020) Synoptic-dynamic analysis of extreme precipitation in Karoun river basin, Iran. Arab J Geosci 13:1–16. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-020-5101-x
Shaffie S, Mozaffari G, Khosravi Y (2019) Determination of extreme precipitation threshold and analysis of its effective patterns (case study: west of Iran). Nat Hazards 99:857–878. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-019-03779-x
Wang H, Sun J, Zhao S et al (2016) The multiscale factors favorable for a persistent heavy rain event over hainan island in October 2010. J Meteorol Res 30:496–512. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13351-016
Yang T, Lu G, Li H et al (2011) Advances in the study of projection of climate change impacts on hydrological extremes. Adv Water Sci 22(2):279–286
Zeyaeyan S, Fattahi E, Ranjbar A, Vazifedoust M (2017) Classification of rainfall warnings based on the TOPSIS method. Climate 5:33. https://doi.org/10.3390/cli5020033
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ghavidel, Y., Jafari Hombari, F. Synoptic analysis of unexampled super-heavy rainfall on April 1, 2019, in west of Iran. Nat Hazards 104, 1567–1580 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-020-04232-0
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-020-04232-0