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Effect of an incremental change in external water pressure on tunnel lining: a case study from the Tongxi karst tunnel

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Abstract

Tunnel water inrush disaster is a serious problem in karst tunnel construction and occurs extensively in southwestern China. To prevent water inrush, hydraulic lining has been utilized extensively in karst tunnel construction. The failure of the hydraulic lining in the Tongxi tunnel is an example of a typical failure case that has yet to be fully analyzed. In this paper, the failure of the waterproof liner was studied by theoretical and numerical methods. By field investigation, the failure of the tunnel lining was attributed to a high hydraulic pressure head converging in the large karst caves behind the lining. The corresponding mechanical model can be simplified as a “karst cave water pressure” model. The key to the mechanical model was to determine the water pressure of the karst caves produced by the lining. The variation in water pressure was directly related to the cave’ reservoir volume, catchment flow and catchment time. Thus, volume calculation formulas for two types of karst caves (strike and oblique caves) in the studied tunnel were constructed based on the engineering geological conditions. Considering the precipitation, the flow rate in the karst caves was regarded as nearly constant during the catchment period. Hence, reservoir volumes during different periods can be calculated and converted to the stress boundary conditions of the lining. Then, the mechanical response of the tunnel under different water levels was calculated by numerical simulation. Combining the field investigation and monitoring data, the tunnel lining failure was mainly believed to be triggered by hydraulic fracturing failure due to a high-pressure head. Finally, prevention measures were proposed based on the results of this study.

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Acknowledgements

This work is supported by the study on the application of three-dimensional hydrogeological modeling technology in the planning and construction of mountain tunnels (cstc2016shmszx30021, Chongqing Science and Technology Commission).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, China

    Yang Liu, Mo Xu & Haitao Long

  2. Chongqing Survey Institute, Chongqing, 401121, China

    Yang Liu, Yongneng Feng & Haiming Zhu

  3. Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 611756, China

    Yunhui Zhang

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  1. Yang Liu
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  2. Yongneng Feng
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  3. Mo Xu
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  4. Yunhui Zhang
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  5. Haitao Long
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  6. Haiming Zhu
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Correspondence to Mo Xu.

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Liu, Y., Feng, Y., Xu, M. et al. Effect of an incremental change in external water pressure on tunnel lining: a case study from the Tongxi karst tunnel. Nat Hazards 98, 343–377 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-019-03692-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-019-03692-3

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