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Fractal analysis of the ground-recorded ULF magnetic fields prior to the 11 March 2011 Tohoku earthquake (M W = 9): discriminating possible earthquake precursors from space-sourced disturbances

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Abstract

The fractal characteristics of the ultra-low-frequency (ULF) magnetic field variations recorded prior to the Tohoku earthquake (EQ) with M W = 9 which happened on 11 March 2011 are studied in this article with the use of detrended fluctuation analysis and Higuchi fractal dimension algorithm. In the specific study, we use for our calculations only nighttime (LT = 3 a.m. ± 2 h) data because of their lowest contamination by industrial noise. A key aspect of our analysis is the investigation about any possible correlation of the ULF magnetic field variations or their calculated fractal characteristics with geomagnetic indices. Different preprocessing approaches are examined aiming at the minimization of any possible influences from global phenomena in the fractal analysis results, while in the same time retaining the scale-invariant character of ULF magnetic field variations after preprocessing. The obtained fractal analysis results imply locally driven change in the fractal characteristics of the ULF data prior to the Tohoku EQ, which is compatible with the change that has been reported prior to other large EQs.

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  1. Department of Electronics Engineering, Piraeus University of Applied Sciences (TEI of Piraeus), 250 Thivon and P. Ralli, Aigaleo, 12244, Athens, Greece

    Stelios M. Potirakis

  2. Hayakawa Institute of Seismo Electromagnetics Co. Ltd., UEC (University of Electro-Communications) Incubation Center, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo, 182-8585, Japan

    Masashi Hayakawa

  3. UEC, Advanced Wireless Communications Research Center, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo, 182-8585, Japan

    Masashi Hayakawa & Alexander Schekotov

  4. Institute of Physics of the Earth, Russian Academy of Sciences, 10 Bolshaya Gruzinskaya, Moscow, Russia, 123995

    Alexander Schekotov

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  1. Stelios M. Potirakis
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Correspondence to Stelios M. Potirakis.

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Potirakis, S.M., Hayakawa, M. & Schekotov, A. Fractal analysis of the ground-recorded ULF magnetic fields prior to the 11 March 2011 Tohoku earthquake (M W = 9): discriminating possible earthquake precursors from space-sourced disturbances. Nat Hazards 85, 59–86 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-016-2558-8

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