Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Gas leakage hazard zonation of Masjed-i-Soleiman area, Zagros, Iran, using GiT

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Natural Hazards Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The shallow Masjed-i-Soleiman (MIS) oil field is situated at the Dezful Embayment in the Zagros Fold and Thrust Belt in southwestern Iran. The shallow depth of this oil field and multiple fractures has resulted in many gas leakages causing a significant pollution in residential areas around the area. In order to define the extent of the gas leakage, data sets such as surface structures, underground contour map, detected gas leakages, lithology, digital elevation models and population density were compiled using of remote sensing techniques and field investigations. The data were then added as layers in a geographic information system, which were overlaid form comparisons and used to construct a gas leakage hazard zonation map. This study shows that the central part of the MIS area, around the See-Berenj, Naftoon and Darre-Khersun districts, is a high-risk area, because of the shallow depth of gas caps, localizing of popular habitation and the high density of fractures and gas leakages.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Aghanabati A (2004) Geology of Iran. Geological Survey of Iran publication (in Persian)

  • Alavi M (1994) Tectonics of the Zagros Orogenic belt of Iran; new data and interpretations. Tectonophysics 229:211–238

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Alavi M (1997) Structures of the Zagros fold-thrust belt in Iran. Am J Sci 307:1064–1095

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ali SA, Pirasteh S (2004) Geological application of Landsat ETM for mapping structural geology and interpretation: aided by remote sensing and GIS. Int J Remote Sens 25:4715–4727

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Alizadeh B, Khani B, Alipour M, Shayesteh M, Hosseini SH (2012) Thermal modeling and organic geochemical appraisal of petroleum source rocks within the Aghajari Oilfield, SW Iran. J Geophys 2(2):1–10

    Google Scholar 

  • Aronoff S (1989) Geographic information system: a management perspective. WDL Publication, Ottawa, p 200

    Google Scholar 

  • Bahrainian SS, Daneh Dezfuli A (2014) A geometry-based adaptive unstructured grid generation algorithm for complex geological media. Comput Geosci 68:31–37

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Berberian M (1995) Master blind thrust faults hidden under the Zagros folds: active basement tectonics and surface morpho-tectonics. Tectonophysics 241:193–224

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Berberian M, King GCP (1981) Towards a Paleogeography and tectonic evolution of Iran. Can J Earth Sci 18(2):210–285

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bordenave ML (2002) The Middle Cretaceous to Early Miocene Petroleum System in the Zagros Domain of Iran, and its prospect evaluation. Presented at the AAPG Convention, Houston, 10–13 Mar 2002 (extended abstract)

  • Bordenave ML, Burwood R (1990) Source rock distribution and maturation in the Zagros Orogenic Belt: Provenance of the Asmari and Bangestan reservoir oil accumulations. Org Geochem 16:369–387

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bordenave ML, Hegre JA (2005) The influences of the Tectonic on the entrapment of Oil in the Dezful Embayment, Zagros fold belt, Iran. J Petrol Geol 28(4):339–368

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chang KT (2002) Introduction to geographic information system. McGraw Hill, IDAHO, pp 128–143

    Google Scholar 

  • Eastman R, Kyem P, Toledanoj W (1993) GIS and decision making, explorations in geographic information systems technology, vol 4. United Nations Institute for Training and Research, Geneva, pp 148–176

    Google Scholar 

  • Ebrahimi A, Khamehchi E, Rostami J (2012) Investigation of hydrocarbon and non-hydrocarbon (CO2, N2) gas injection on enhanced oil recovery in one of the Iranian oil fields. J Petr Explor Prod Technol 2:209–222

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Falcon NL (1974) Southern Iran: Zagros Mountains. In: Spencer AM (ed) Mesozoic-Cenozoic orogenic belts. Scottish Academic Press, Edinburgh, pp 199–211

    Google Scholar 

  • Flottmann T, Mc Clay K, Soleimany B, Goodarzi H, Majedi M (2005) Basement fault control on upper crustal folding, Dezful Embayment and Zagros Mountains, Iran. In Proceedings of international conference on theory and application of fault related folding in foreland basin, Beijing, China, p 17

  • Hatzfeld D, Tatar M, Priestley K, Ghafory-Ashtiany M (2003) Seismological constraints on the crustal structure beneath the Zagros Mountain belt (Iran). Geophys J Int 155:403–410

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Inger S, Allen M, Hassani H, Talebian M, Jackson J (2002) Regional to reservoir scale tectonic evolution of the Zagros orogenic belt. In: Proceedings of AAPG annual meeting, Tehran, Iran, 10–13 Mar

  • Islamic Republic of Iranian Management & Programming Organization (MPO) (1992) The demography of Masjed-i-Soleiman City. Internal report (in Persian)

  • James GA, Wynd JG (1965) Stratigraphic nomenclature of Iranian oil consortium agreement area. Am As Pet Geol Bull 49:2182–2245

    Google Scholar 

  • Jarahi H, Naraghiaraghi N, Nadalian M (2015) Persian Gulf Fault: new seismotectonic element on seabed. Can J Basic Appl Sci 3(03):85–92

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones VT, Coleman DD, Becker DF, Anderson TH, Witherspoon PA, Robbins GA (2002) Surface and near-subsurface hydrocarbon migration patterns associated with a macro-seepage. AAPG: successful application of non-seismic techniques to exploration. AAPG Annual Convention, Houston

  • Kamali M, Rezaee R (2012) Identification and evaluation of unconventional hydrocarbon reserves: examples from Zagros and Central Iran Basins. J Pet Sci Technol 2(1):27–36

    Google Scholar 

  • Khedri Gharibvand L (2008) Gas leakage Hazard Zonation in Masjed-e-Soleiman area with using of GIS and RS method. Msc thesis, Shahid Chamran University of Ahwaz (in Persian)

  • Khedri Gharibvand L, Rangzan K (2015) Using remote sensing techniques and GIS to study hydrocarbon leakage from oilfields in urban areas: a case study of Masjed-Soleiman City. Int Geoinform Res Dev J 5(2):1–9

    Google Scholar 

  • Khedri Gharibvand L, Safari H, Rangzan K, Shabaan L (2008) Determination of pollution due to gas leakage & oil seepage from oil field in Masjed-e-Soleiman City, using GIS & RS techniques. In: Proceedings of the first conference on international environmental day, Tehran (in Persian)

  • Khedri Gharibvand L, Rangzan K, Safari H (2009) Using of GIS and remote sensing methods in studies of popular distribution around the hydrocarbon seepages in Masjed-e-Soleiman City. In: Proceedings of conference on pervasive and stable development of Masjed-e-Soleiman City, Masjed-e-Soleiman Branch of Islamic Azad University (in Persian)

  • Lillesand TM, Kiefer RW (2008) Remote sensing and image interpretation, 6th edn. Wiley, New York, pp 20–180

    Google Scholar 

  • Malezewski J (1999) GIS and multi-criteria decision analysis, 1st edn. Wiley, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Najafi M, Yassaghi A, Bahroudi A, Vergés J, Sherkati S (2014) An investigation of abnormal fluid pressure within an evaporitic cap rock in the Gavbandi area of Iran and its impact on the planning of gas exploration wells. Iran J Oil Gas Sci Technol 3(1):15–21

    Google Scholar 

  • NASA (2002) Satellite image of Masjed Soleiman Area. Scene 135-3

  • National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC) (1967) Geological maps of Masjed Soleiman & Lali Areas. Scales: 1/50000

  • National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC) (1988) Masjed-i-Soleiman under-ground contour (UGC) map on top of Asmari formation. Scale: 1/50000, drawing no. 16089

  • National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC) (1991) The condition of hydrocarbon seepage in Masjed-e-Soleiman City. Internal report of NIOC. No. 73/3-2/438

  • National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC) (1995) The condition of existence hydro-carbon seepages in Masjed-i-Soleiman City. Internal report. NIOC, Tehran, p 19

  • O’Brien GW, Lawrence GM, Williams AK, Glen K, Barrett AG, Lech M, Edwards DS, Cowley R, Borcham CJ, Summons RE (2005) Yampi Shelf, Browse basin, North-West Shelf, Australia: a test-bed for constraining hydrocarbon migration and seepage rates using combinations of 2D and 3D seismic data and multiple, independent remote sensing technologies. Mar Pet Geol 22:517–749

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Patel Ankiit B, Patel Vaiibhav P, Prajjapatii Gaurav B (2015) Geospatial technologies for natural hazard assessment, mitigation and risk management: a project report. Gujarat Technological University, Gandhinagar

    Google Scholar 

  • Pirasteh S, Safari H (2009) How GiT emphasis for localizing oil seepages in Zagros Mountains, Iran? International Advanced of Technology Congress (ATCi), PWTC, Malaysia, Nov 3–5

  • Pirasteh S, Pradhan B, Safari H, Ramli MF (2011) Coupling of DEM and remote-sensing-based approaches for semi-automated detection of regional Geostructural features in Zagros Mountain, Iran. Arab J Geosci. doi:10.1007/s12517-011-0361-0

    Google Scholar 

  • Rangzan K, Safari H, Abshirini A, Khedri Gharibvand L (2007) Forecasting of residential extension of Masjed-e-Soleiman with regarding to environmental consideration, using GIS techniques. In: Proceedings of the first conference on environmental engineering. Shahid Beheshti University (in Persian)

  • Reeder JD (2001) GIS queries and boolean expressions. Arizona Board of Regents, Version 2, pp 25–31

  • Sabins Floyd F (2007) Remote sensing: principle and interpretation, 3rd edn. W.H. Freeman, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Safari H, Rangzan K, Khedri Gharibvand L (2007) Investigation on Fault zone affects on gas leakage in Masjed-e-Soleiman with using of GIS and RS method. In: Proceedings of the 10th conference of Geological Association of Iran, p 175 (in Persian)

  • Safari H, Pirasteh S, Pradhan B, Khedri Gharibvand L (2010) Use of remote sensing data and GIS tools for seismic hazard assessment for shallow oilfields and its impact on the settlements at Masjed-i-Soleiman Area, Zagros Mountains, Iran. Remote Sens 2:1364–1377

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Safari H, Pirasteh S, Shattri BM (2011) Role of the Kazerun fault for localizing oil seepage in the Zagros Mountain, Iran: an application of GiT. Int J Remote Sens 32(1):1–16

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Salati S (2014) Characterization and Remote detection of onshore hydrocarbon seep-induced alteration. PhD thesis, University of Twente, Enschede

  • Sepehr M, Cosgrove JW (2004) Structural framework of the Zagros Fold-Thrust Belt,Iran. Mar Pet Geol 21:829–843

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sherkati S, Letouzey J (2004) Variation of structural style and basin evolution in the central Zagros (Izeh zone and Dezful embayment), Iran. Mar Pet Geol 21(5):535–554

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shishegar A (2002) Environmental problems deduced from Oil seepage in Masjed-e-Soleiman. In: Proceedings of the first national conference on environmental crisis in Iran and their improvement methods, Tehran, pp 177–186 (in Persian)

  • Stocklin J (1968) Structural history and tectonics of Iran: a review. Am As Pet Geol Bull 52:1229–1258

    Google Scholar 

  • Talebian M, Jackson J (2004) A reappraisal of earthquake focal mechanisms and active shortening in the Zagros mountains of Iran. Geophys J Int 156:506–526

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Van Der Meer FD, Van Dijk P, Van Der Werff HMA, Yang H (2002) Remote sensing and petroleum seepage: a review and case study. Terra Nova Eur J Geosci 14(1):1–17

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Van Der Werff HMA, Bakker WH, Van Der Meer FD, Siderius W (2006) Combining spectral signals and spatial patterns using multiple Hough transforms: an application for detection of natural gas seepages. Comput Geosci 32(9):1334–1343

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang M, Zhang X, Hao F, Zhao C, Ouyang W, Wang D (2008) Ecological risk zone mapping for high-sulphur gas exploitation with geographic information system. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, vol XXXVII, part B8, Beijing, pp 331–336

Download references

Acknowledgments

This research was supported by the National Iranian South Oil Company (NISOC), Islamic Republic of Iranian Management and Programming Organization and Shahid Chamran & Golestan Universities. The authors wish to thank Professor Popov for valuable pre-submission editing.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Geology Department, College of Sciences, Golestan University, Shahid Beheshti Ave., Gorgan, Iran

    Hojjat O. Safari

  2. Geography Department, College of Earth Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran

    Ladan Khedri-Gharibvand

Authors
  1. Hojjat O. Safari
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Ladan Khedri-Gharibvand
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Hojjat O. Safari.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Safari, H.O., Khedri-Gharibvand, L. Gas leakage hazard zonation of Masjed-i-Soleiman area, Zagros, Iran, using GiT. Nat Hazards 80, 1257–1278 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-015-2022-1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-015-2022-1

Keywords

Search

Navigation