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Development of the Global Earthquake Model’s neotectonic fault database

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Abstract

The Global Earthquake Model (GEM) aims to develop uniform, openly available, standards, datasets and tools for worldwide seismic risk assessment through global collaboration, transparent communication and adapting state-of-the-art science. GEM Faulted Earth (GFE) is one of GEM’s global hazard module projects. This paper describes GFE’s development of a modern neotectonic fault database and a unique graphical interface for the compilation of new fault data. A key design principle is that of an electronic field notebook for capturing observations a geologist would make about a fault. The database is designed to accommodate abundant as well as sparse fault observations. It features two layers, one for capturing neotectonic faults and fold observations, and the other to calculate potential earthquake fault sources from the observations. In order to test the flexibility of the database structure and to start a global compilation, five preexisting databases have been uploaded to the first layer and two to the second. In addition, the GFE project has characterised the world’s approximately 55,000 km of subduction interfaces in a globally consistent manner as a basis for generating earthquake event sets for inclusion in earthquake hazard and risk modelling. Following the subduction interface fault schema and including the trace attributes of the GFE database schema, the 2500-km-long frontal thrust fault system of the Himalaya has also been characterised. We propose the database structure to be used widely, so that neotectonic fault data can make a more complete and beneficial contribution to seismic hazard and risk characterisation globally.

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Notes

  1. Neotectonic faults and folds are those that have been active in the current tectonic regime of a region. The time period will vary from region to region with longer time intervals required to characterise fault activity in low strain regions.

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Acknowledgments

Funding for the development of the GFE database was from the GEM Foundation. GNS Science supported the preparation of this manuscript. We thank Marco Pagani for his support for the overall GFE project, and Ben Wyss and Paul Henshaw and their team at the GEM Foundation for developing the web tool. We thank Andy Nicol, Russ Van Dissen, Jim Dewey and Pierfrancesco Burrato for their helpful reviews.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. GNS Science, Lower Hutt, New Zealand

    Annemarie Christophersen, Nicola Litchfield, Kelvin Berryman, Richard Thomas, William Ries, Pilar Villamor, Nick Horspool, Robert M. Langridge, Mark W. Stirling & Tatiana Goded

  2. Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Rome, Italy

    Roberto Basili

  3. The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA

    Laura Wallace

  4. USGS, Golden, CO, USA

    Gavin P. Hayes & Kathleen M. Haller

  5. National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Japan

    Toshikazu Yoshioka

  6. State of Alaska, Geological and Geophysical Surveys, Fairbanks, AK, USA

    Richard D. Koehler

  7. Geoscience Australia, Canberra, Australia

    Dan Clark

  8. Department of Earth Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA

    Monica Wolfson-Schwehr & Margaret S. Boettcher

  9. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand

    Teraphan Ornthammarath

  10. Centro de Geociencias, UNAM, Juriquilla, Queretaro, Mexico

    Ramon Zuñiga

  11. Universidad Nacional de San Luis, San Luis, Argentina

    Carlos Costa

  12. Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA

    Robert Yeats

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  1. Annemarie Christophersen
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Correspondence to Annemarie Christophersen.

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Christophersen, A., Litchfield, N., Berryman, K. et al. Development of the Global Earthquake Model’s neotectonic fault database. Nat Hazards 79, 111–135 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-015-1831-6

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