Abstract
Soil erosion by water is a significant problem in arid and semi-arid areas of large parts of Iran. Water erosion is one of the most effective phenomena that leads to decreasing soil productivity and pollution of water resources; especially, in the Mazayjan watershed in the southwest of Fars Province gully erosion contributes to the sediment dynamics in a significant way. Consequently, the intention of this research is to identify the different types of soil erosion processes acting in the area and to assess the process dynamics in an integrative way. Therefore, we applied GIS and satellite image analysis techniques to derive input information for the numeric models. For sheet and rill erosion the Unit Stream Power-based Erosion Deposition Model (USPED) was utilized. The spatial distribution of gully erosion was assessed using a statistical approach, which used three variables (stream power index, slope, and flow accumulation) to predict the spatial distribution of gullies in the study area. The eroded gully volumes were estimated for a 7-year period by fieldwork and Google Earth high-resolution images. Finally the gully retreat rates were integrated into the USPED model. The results show that the integration of the SPI approach to quantify gully erosion with the USPED model is a suitable method to qualitatively and quantitatively assess water erosion processes. The application of GIS and stochastic model approaches to spatialize the USPED model input yields valuable results for the prediction of soil erosion in the Mazayjan catchment. The results of this research help to develop an appropriate management of soil and water resources in the southwestern parts of Iran.
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Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank the Iranian Ministry of Science and Technology for providing the fellowship of Mr. Zakerinejad. Moreover, we would like to thank the Heidelberg Academy of Sciences and Humanities for field work and travel funding and the Department of Geography at University of Tübingen, Germany for hosting the research activities and providing laboratory and computer facilities. Finally we would like to thank also the Marie Curie EU-IRSES project entitled FLUMEN for support and assistance. The authors also express their gratitude to the Haseb Karaji Company in Iran, for providing the aerial photos and climate data for this research.
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Zakerinejad, R., Maerker, M. An integrated assessment of soil erosion dynamics with special emphasis on gully erosion in the Mazayjan basin, southwestern Iran. Nat Hazards 79 (Suppl 1), 25–50 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-015-1700-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-015-1700-3