Abstract
A study was conducted to estimate the runoff in urbanized zone using Soil Conservation Services Curve Number (SCS-CN) method through remote sensing and GIS techniques. In this study, the region was identified as Cochin Corporation (Kerala State, India) with an aerial extent of 96.44 km2. The spatial and non-spatial data were collected from different sources, and the thematic layers of soil hydrologic group and land-use maps were prepared and overlaid with one other. The overlaid output results were assigned by curve numbers with respect to soil and land-use categories, and the CN map was prepared with the help of Visual Basic (VB) language in ArcGIS platform. Through supervised classifications, 13 different land-use classes were identified from Quickbird data for the year of 2005 and 2010. The most prominent land-use classes were water bodies, residential, mixed crops, commercial and industrial, and 3 types of soil hydrologic groups were identified namely A, B, and C categories. The B group is most prominent occupying 60 km2 of the study area. The CN map shows the ranges that 92–100 is the major CN area with high runoff potential zone of the study region. At the final stage, the runoff was estimated by the maximum successive rainfall received in this study area in two different years—2005 and 2010 along with their land-use pattern. The runoff model is applied for temporal variation in land-use change, and impact of runoff was studied. The study area showed significant changes in land-use pattern between 2005 and 2010 particularly in the land-use change from agricultural into industrial, commercial, and residential (high density). The area covered by the highest runoff depth with the range of 92–100 CN values increased from 43.87 to 45.32 km2 from 2005 to 2010. The volume of runoff was increased from 135.56 to 141.49 Mm3 from 2005 to 2010 due to the land-use change pattern.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Chow VT, Maidment DR, Mays LW (1988) A text book of applied hydrology. Tata McGraw Hill publications, New Delhi
Delmar DF, William JE, Stephen RW (2005) Text book of soil and water conservation engineering. Standard Publishers Distributors, Delhi
Draper SE (1981) Urban rainfall-runoff modeling using remote sensing imagery. Ph.D. dissertation, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
Drayton RS, Wilde BM, Harris JHK (1992) Geographic information system approach to distributed modeling. Hydrol Process 6:361–368
Ehlers M, Jadkowski MA, Howard RR, Brostuen DE (1990) Application of SPOT data for regional growth analysis and local planning. Photogramm Eng Remote Sensing 56(2):175–180
Engmen ET, Gurney RJ (1991) A text book of remote sensing in hydrology. Chapman & Hall, London
Ferguson BK (1998) A text book of introduction to storm water. Wiley, New York
Goudie A (1990) Text book of the human impact on the natural environment, 3rd edn. The MIT Press, Cambridge
Harris PM, Ventura SJ (1995) The integration of geographic data with remotely sensed imagery to improve classification in an urban area. Photogramm Eng Remote Sensing 61(8):993–998
He CS (2003) Integration of geographic information systems and simulation model for watershed management. Environ Model Softw 18(8):809–813
James LD, Burgess SJ (1982) Selection, calibration and testing of hydrologic models. In: Haan CT, Johnson HP, Brakensiek DL (eds) Hydrological modeling of small watersheds. American Society of Agricultural Engineers, St. Joseph, pp 215–257
Kuichling EM (1989) The relation between the rainfall and the discharge of sewers in populous districts. Trans Am Soc Civ Eng 20:1–60
Leopold LB (1968) Hydrology for urban land planning: a guidebook on the hydrologic effects of land use, U.S. Geological Survey Circular. Report 554:18
Mattikalli NM, Devereux BJ, Richards KS (1996) Prediction of river discharge and surface water quality using an integrated geographic information system approach. Int J Remote Sens 17(4):683–701
Mei-ling Z, Jian-Min Y, Qiao-Ming Z (2009) A supervised method for transliterated person name identification electronic commerce and security, ISECS ‘09. Second international symposium, vol 2, pp 117–120
Ponce V, Hawkins R (1996) Runoff curve number; has it reached maturity. J Hydrol Eng 1(1):11–19
Razavi AH (2002) ArcGIS developer’s guide for VBA. OnWard Press, New York
Reddy KS (1993) Studies on hydrologic modeling of water yield from micro-watershed, Ph. D. Thesis, IARI, New Delhi
Rogers P (1994) A text book of hydrology and water quality. Changes in land use and land cover: a global perspective. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Sarangi A, Bhattacharya AK (1999) Small watershed runoff generation model. J Soil Water Conserv 43(3&4):176–188
Sarangi A, Madramootoo CA, Singh DK (2004) Development of ArcGIS assisted user interfaces for estimation of watershed morphologic parameters. J Soil Water Conserv 3(3):139–149
Sharma TS, Kiran PV, Singh TH (2001) Hydrologic response of a watershed to land use changes: a remote sensing and GIS approach. Int J Remote Sens 22(11):2095–2108
Thomas N, Hendrix C, Congalton RG (2003) A comparison of urban mapping methods using high-resolution digital imagery. Photogramm Eng Remote Sensing 69(9):963–972
Treitz PM, Howard PJ, Gong P (1992) Application of satellite and GIS technologies for land-cover and land-use mapping at the rural-urban fringe: a case study. Photogramm Eng Remote Sensing 58(4):439–448
United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) (1986) Urban hydrology for small watersheds, conservation engineering division, technical release 55
United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Soil Conservation Service (1972) Hydrology. In: National Engineering Handbook. Section 4. US Govt, Washington DC
United States Geological Survey (USGS) (1999) A summary of the U.S. geological survey resource assessment of selected coal zones in the northern rocky mountains and great plains region, Wyoming, Montana, and North Dakota- by M.S. Ellis and D.J. Nichols. US Geol Survey Bull 2189:1–2
Viessman W, Lewis GL (2003) A text book of introduction to hydrology. Pearson Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River 612
Yeh AGO, Li X (1996) Urban growth management in the Pear River delta: an integrated remote sensing and GIS approach. ITC J 1:77–85
Yeh AG, Li X (1997) An integrated remote sensing-GIS approach in the monitoring and evaluation of rapid urban growth for sustainable development in the Pearl River Delta, China. Int Plan Stud 2(2):193–210
Acknowledgments
The author expresses our deep respect and gratitude to the vice-chancellor and registrar of SASTRA University and records his gratefulness to the dean, School of Civil Engineering, SASTRA University, for the facilities and support provided. The authors also express their thanks to department of Civil Engineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur, Chennai, for suggestion, facilities, and support provided. The author express our sincere gratitude to HOD, Scientists, and all the staff of Centre for Earth Science studies, Trivandrum, for their valuable guidance, constant encouragement, help and inspirations for this project. The authors express our hearty gratefulness to Dr. A. SATHYA, Assistant Professor, SASTRA University, and other friends and colleagues for helping me in the entire project with their precious suggestions and successful completion of work.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Nagarajan, M., Basil, G. Remote sensing- and GIS-based runoff modeling with the effect of land-use changes (a case study of Cochin corporation). Nat Hazards 73, 2023–2039 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-014-1173-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-014-1173-9