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Estimate of the debris-flow entrainment using field and topographical data

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Abstract

The entrainment of material is a common process in debris-flow behaviour and can strongly increase its total volume. However, due to the complex nature of the process, the exact mechanisms of entrainment have not yet been solved. We analysed geomorphological and topographical data collected in 110 reaches of 17 granular debris flows occurred in the Pyrenees and the European Alps. Four governing factors (sediment availability, channel-bed slope, channel cross section shape and upstream-contributing area) were selected and defined for all the 110 reaches. One dataset of the resulting database was used to develop two models to estimate the erosion rates based on the governing factors: a formula derived from multiple linear regression (MLR) analysis and a decision tree (DT) obtained from J48 algorithm. The models obtained using these learning techniques were validated in another independent dataset. In this validation set, the DT model revealed better results. The models were also implemented in a torrent (test set), where the total debris-flow volume was known and two empirical methods (available in literature) were applied. This test revealed that both MLR and DT predict more accurately the final volume of the event than the empirical equations for volume prediction. Finally, a general DT was proposed, which includes three governing factors: sediment availability, channel-bed slope and channel cross section shape. This DT may be applied to other regions after adapting it regarding site-specific characteristics.

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Acknowledgments

This research has been funded by the Spanish Ministry MINECO contract CGL2011-23300 (project DEBRIS-START). We would like to thank the Gesäuse National Park, the Aigüestortes i Estany de Sant Maurici National Park, François Xavier Marquis, Institut Geològic de Catalunya (IGC) and the WSL for their support on data acquisition. We are grateful to Christian Scheidl, Vicente Medina, Carlo Gregoretti, José Moya and the two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments on previous versions of the manuscript and the DT and Mar Obrador for improving our English writing.

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  1. Department of Geotechnical Engineering and Geo-Sciences, Technical University of Catalonia BARCELONATECH, C/Jordi Girona, 1-3 (D2), 08034, Barcelona, Spain

    Clàudia Abancó & Marcel Hürlimann

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  1. Clàudia Abancó
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Correspondence to Clàudia Abancó.

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Abancó, C., Hürlimann, M. Estimate of the debris-flow entrainment using field and topographical data. Nat Hazards 71, 363–383 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-013-0930-5

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