Abstract
This paper introduces a new method to up-scale dependent loss distributions from natural hazards to higher spatial levels, explicitly incorporating their dependency structure over the aggregation process. The method is applied for flood risk in Europe. Based on this “hybrid convolution” approach, flood loss distributions for nearly all European countries are calculated and presented. Such risk-based estimates of extreme event losses are useful for determining suitable risk management strategies on various spatial levels for different risk bearers. The method is not only applicable for natural disaster risk but can be extended for other cases as well, i.e., where comonotonic risks have to be “summed up” without loss of risk information.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Aaheim A, Dokken T, Hochrainer S, Hof A, Jochem E, Mechler R, van Vurren DP (2009) National responsibilities for adaptations strategies. Lessons from four modelling frameworks. In: Hulme M, Neufeldt H (eds) Making climate change work for us: European perspectives on adaptation and mitigation strategiese. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 87–112
Barredo JI (2009) Normalised flood losses in Europe: 1970–2006. Nat Hazards Earth Syst Sci 9:97–104
Broekx S, Smets S, Liekens I, Bulckaen D (2011) Designing a long-term flood risk management plan for the Scheldt estuary using a risk based approach. Nat Hazards 57:245–266
Cardenas V, Hochrainer S, Mechler R, Pflug G, Linnerooth-Bayer J (2007) Sovereign financial disaster risk management: the case of Mexico. Environ Hazards 7:40–53
CCRIF (2011) A collection of papers, articles and expert notes, vol 2. Caribbean catastrophe risk insurance facility, Cayman Islands. http://www.ccrif.org/sites/default/files/publications/CCRIFBookletNovember252011.pdf
CEA (2007) The insurance of natural events on European markets. AB 5050 (06/05). Paris, France
CEA (2010) PML assessment for Germany and Austria. Hamburg, November 2010, AON Benfield
CRED (2012) EM-DAT: international disaster database, centre for research on the epidemiology of disasters, Université Catholique de Louvain, Belgium
de Moel H, van Alphen J, Aerts JCJH (2009) Flood maps in Europe: methods, availability and use. Nat Hazards Earth Syst Sci 9:289–301
Embrechts P, Klüppelberg C, Mikosch T (2003) Modelling Extremal events for insurance and finance. Springer, New York (corr. 4th printing, 1st edn. 1997)
Feyen L, Barredo JI, Dankers R (2008) Implications of global warming and urban land use change on flooding in Europe. In: Water and urban development paradigms: towards an integration of engineering, design and management approaches. CRC Press, Balkema, p 217–225
Feyen L, Dankers R, Bódis K, Salamon P, Barredo JI (2012) Fluvial flood risk in Europe in present and future climates. Clim Change 112(1):47–62
Floodsite (2006) 6th FP Integrated Project (www.floodsite.net) Report Number T9-06 01 2006: Guidelines for socio-economic flood damage evaluation
Freeman PK, Martin L, Mechler R, Warner K, Hausmann P (2002) Catastrophes and development. Integrating natural catastrophes into development planning. Working paper 26279. The World Bank, Washington
Genovese E, Lugeri N, Lavalle C, Bindi M, Moriondo M (2007) An assessment of weather-related risks in Europe, DA2.1, ADAM Project, Preliminary Report at M18
Grossi P, Kunreuther H (eds) (2005) Catastrophe modeling: a new approach to managing risk. Springer, New York
Halcrow Group Ltd, Wallingford HR, John Chatterton Associates (2001) National appraisal of assets at risk from flooding and coastal erosion, including the potential impact of climate change. DEFRA Flood Management Division
Hall JW, Sayers PB, Dawson R (2005) National-scale assessment of current and future flood risk in England and wales. Nat Hazards 36:147–164
Hochrainer S (2009) The European union solidarity fund: assessing its risk of depletion due to catastrophe flood events. Ann Econ Sci Ser 15:35–41
Hochrainer S, Linnerooth-Bayer J, Mechler R (2010) The European union solidarity fund: its legitimacy, viability and efficiency. Mitig Adapt Strateg Glob Change. doi:10.1007/s11027-009-9209-2
Hsu WK, Huang PC, Chang CC, Chen CW, Hung DM, Chiang WL (2011) An integrated flood risk assessment model for property insurance industry in Taiwan. Nat Hazards 58:1295–1309
Jongman B, Kreibich H, Apel H, Barredo JI, Bates PD, Feyen L, Gericke A, Neal J, Aerts JCJH, Ward PJ (2012) Comparative flood damage model assessment: towards a European approach. Nat Hazards Earth Syst Sci 12:3733–3752. doi:10.5194/nhess-12-3733-2012
Jouini E, Napp C (2004) Conditional comonotonicity. Decis Econ Finance 27(2):153–166
Lugeri N, Kundzewicz ZB, Genovese E, Hochrainer S, Radziejewski M (2010) River flood risk and adaptation in Europe: assessment of the present status. Mitig Adapt Strat Glob Change. doi:10.1007/s11027-009-9211-8
Michel-Kerjan E, Hochrainer-Stigler S, Kunreuther H, Linnerooth-Bayer J, Mechler R, Muir-Wood R, Ranger N, Vaziri P, Young M (2012) Catastrophe risk models for evaluating disaster risk reduction investments in developing countries. Risk Anal. doi:10.1111/j.1539-6924.2012.01928.x
Muir-Wood R, Drayton M, Berger A, Burgess P, Wright T (2005) Catastrophe loss modelling of storm-surge flood risk in eastern England. Philos Trans R Soc A 363:1407–1422
Munich RE (2010) Topics geo: natural catastrophes 2009. Analysis, assessments, positions. Munich Reinsurance Company, Munich
Pflug G, Römisch W (2007) Modeling, measuring and managing risk. World Scientific, Singapore
Re S (2010) Sigma: natural catastrophes and man-made disasters in 2009. Swiss Reinsurance Company, Zurich
Rodda HJE (2005) The development and application of a flood risk model for the Czech Republic. Nat Hazards 36:207–220
Rodriguez J, Vos F, Below R, Guha-Sapir D (2009) Annual disaster statistical review 2008. The numbers and trends. Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters (CRED), Brussels
Salvadori G, De Michele C, Kottegoda NT, Rosso R (2007) Extremes in nature: an approach using copulas. Springer, New York
Strahler AN (1952) Hypsometric (area-altitude) analysis of erosional topology. Geol Soc Am Bull 63(11):1117–1142
Swiss RE (2008) Sigma: natural catastrophes and man-made disasters in 2007: high losses in Europe. Swiss Re Reinsurance Company, Zurich
te Linde AH, Bubeck P, Dekkers JEC, de Moel H, Aerts JCJH (2011) Future flood risk estimates along the river Rhine. Nat Hazards Earth Syst Sci 11:459–473
Van der Knijff JM, Younis J, De Roo APJ (2010) LISFLOOD: a GIS-based distributed model for river-basin scale water balance and flood simulation. Int J Geogr Inf Sci 24(2):189–212
Vogt JV, Rimaviciute E, de Jager A (2008) CCM 2.1. Release Notes. http://ccm.jrc.ec.europa.eu/php/index.php?action=view&id=23
Woo G (2011) Calculating Catastrophe. Imperial College Press, London
Acknowledgments
This work was financially supported by the ADAM Project: Adaptation and Mitigation Strategies: Supporting European Climate Policy. Grant Number: 018476-GOCE.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Hochrainer-Stigler, S., Lugeri, N. & Radziejewski, M. Up-scaling of impact dependent loss distributions: a hybrid convolution approach for flood risk in Europe. Nat Hazards 70, 1437–1451 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-013-0885-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-013-0885-6