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Rural organizational impacts, mitigation strategies, and resilience to the 2010 Darfield earthquake, New Zealand

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Abstract

The September 4, 2010, Mw 7.1 “Darfield” earthquake and the associated aftershock sequence affected the central Canterbury Plains of New Zealand’s South Island, an area of high-intensity agricultural production, supported by rural service towns. With rural organizations exposed to intense ground shaking that caused widespread critical service outages, structural and non-structural damage to built infrastructure, as well as ground-surface damage from flooding, liquefaction or surface rupture, the event represented a unique opportunity to study the impacts of a major earthquake and aftershock sequence on farming and rural non-farming organizations. This paper analyses the short-term impacts on 56 farming organizations and compares them to the impacts on 22 rural non-farming organizations 4 months following the event. The most commonly cited direct impacts on farming organizations were disruption to electrical services, water supply disruption, and structural damage. For rural non-farming organizations, the most common direct impacts were non-structural damage, electricity disruption, and damage to equipment. The effect of stress on farmers was the greatest organizational challenge while rural non-farming organizations cited maintaining cash flow to be of greater significance. In terms of mitigating the effects of the event, farming organizations cited well-built buildings and insurers to be helpful generally, and their neighbors to be most helpful specifically in areas of higher intensity shaking. Rural non-farming organizations utilized lenders or insurers, and showed very little use of neighbor relationships. In summary, this study emphasizes the fact that farming and rural non-farming organizations are impacted and respond to an earthquake in ways that are fundamentally distinct.

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Acknowledgments

The authors gratefully acknowledge funding support from the New Zealand Natural Hazard Research Platform (NHRP), Ministry for Agriculture and Forestry (MAF), Earthquake Commission (EQC), Ministry for Civil Defence and Emergency Management (MCDEM), and the University of Canterbury Mason Trust. We thank Hai Sue Kang, Kathryn Bates, Rachel McConnell, Amy Hall, Jonathon Pettigrew, HosaiNajib, Lara Hawke, Christian Ruegg, Mark Letham and Sarah Standring for assisting with telephone interviews. We acknowledge the New Zealand GeoNet project and its sponsors the Earthquake Commission (EQC), GNS Science and Land Information New Zealand (LINZ), for providing data/images used in this study. Finally, we gratefully acknowledge the time and effort taken by respondents who chose to participate in this study. This research is part of the Resilient Organizations research program which has initiated a longitudinal study of organizations affected by the Canterbury earthquakes. Results from the program will be made available via the organization’s Web site: www.resorgs.org.nz.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Geological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand

    Z. R. Whitman, T. M. Wilson & J. Cole

  2. Risk Strategies Research and Consulting, Christchurch, New Zealand

    E. Seville

  3. Department of Accounting and Information Systems, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand

    J. Vargo

  4. Department of Geography, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand

    J. R. Stevenson

  5. Department of Civil and Natural Resources Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand

    H. Kachali

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  1. Z. R. Whitman
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Correspondence to Z. R. Whitman.

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Whitman, Z.R., Wilson, T.M., Seville, E. et al. Rural organizational impacts, mitigation strategies, and resilience to the 2010 Darfield earthquake, New Zealand. Nat Hazards 69, 1849–1875 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-013-0782-z

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