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Identification and possible recurrence of an oversized tsunami on the Pacific coast of northern Japan

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Abstract

Geological evidence of severe tsunami inundation has been discovered in northern Japan. In the dune fields of Shimokita, in northernmost Tohoku, we have found two distinctive sand layers that are tsunami deposits. The run-up height of >20 m and inland inundation of at least 1.4 km are notably larger than any known historical case in Japan. The tsunami-genic earthquake that resulted in these deposits is thought to have taken place in the Kuril Forearc-Trench system nearly 700 years ago. The recurrence interval of major tsunamis originating in the Kuril subduction zone is about 400 years. Given that the most recent unusually large earthquake took place in AD 1611 (corresponding to the Keicho earthquake tsunami), the findings presented here increase the potential and hazard for an outsized tsunami striking the Pacific coast of northern Japan.

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Acknowledgments

J. Bourgeois and B. Atwater gave us comments on the sedimentology and chronology of tsunami deposits. We greatly appreciate the useful suggestions of two anonymous reviewers. This study was supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (No. 23310118).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan

    Koji Minoura, Shin-ichi Hirano & Tsutomu Yamada

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  1. Koji Minoura
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  2. Shin-ichi Hirano
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  3. Tsutomu Yamada
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Correspondence to Koji Minoura.

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Minoura, K., Hirano, Si. & Yamada, T. Identification and possible recurrence of an oversized tsunami on the Pacific coast of northern Japan. Nat Hazards 68, 631–643 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-013-0640-z

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