Abstract
The direct consequences of exceptional floods are usually considered to be limited to the maximum flooding zone created downstream. However, considering the magnitude of the flows, the morphology of the flooded zone could undergo deep changes. To predict the hazard zone on a river undergoing exceptional flooding, numerical simulations are widely used. In this article, the simulation of the evolution of river reaches resulting from such catastrophic events is performed by coupling the hydraulic and sediment transport numerical model GSTARS with a developed slope stability model based on the Bishop’s simplified method. This is a novel methodology for the delimitation of hazard zones along riverbanks by taking into consideration not only the flood risks but also the possible induced landslides. Indeed, each section of the river reach is subject to changes caused by the river hydraulics and the associated erosion or sediment deposition and also undergoes profile changes caused by possible landslides. The initial hydraulic and geotechnical characteristics are first defined and then used to test the stability of several slopes of representative sections of the river reaches before the dam break. Validation tests are performed on specific reaches of the Outaouais River (Quebec) undergoing a dam break flood.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abramson LW, Thomas SL, Sunil S, Glenn MB (2001) Slope stability and stabilization. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester
Arfken G (1985) The method of steepest descents. In: Mathematical methods for physicists, Academic Press, 3ème ed. Orlando FL, pp 428–436
Bishop AW (1955) The use of the slip circle in the stability analysis of slopes. Géotechnique 5:7–17
Chang HH (1979) Minimum stream power and river channel patterns. J Hydrol 41:303–327
Chang HH (1980a) Stable alluvial canal design. J Hydr Eng Div-ASCE 106(HY5):873–891
Chang HH (1980b) Geometry of gravel streams. J Hydr Eng Div-ASCE 106(HY9):1443–1456
Chang HH (1982a) Mathematical model for erodible channels. J Hydr Div-ASCE 108(HY5):678–689
Chang HH (1982b) Fluvial hydraulics of deltas and alluvial fans. J Hydr Div-ASCE 108(HY11):1282–1295
Chang HH (1983) Energy expenditure in curved open channels. J Hydr Div-ASCE 109(HY7):1012–1022
Chang HH, Hill JC (1977) Minimum stream power for rivers and deltas. J Hydr Div-ASCE 103(HY12):1375–1389
Lalonde J, Lavoie A (1981) Première-Chut: Description des berges en aval de la centrale. Direction Projets de Centrales, Service Géologie et Géotechnique, Hydro-Québec
Lapointe M, Driscoll S, Bergeron N, Secretan Y, Leclerc M (1998) Response of the Ha! Ha! River to the flood of July 1996 in Saguenay Region of Quebec: large-scale avulsion in a river valley. Water Resour Res 34(9):2383–2392
Mahdi T (2004) Prévision par modélisation numérique de la zone de risque bordant un tronçon de rivière subissant une rupture de barrage. Ph.D. thesis. Dept. of Civil Geological and Mining, Ecole Polytechnique de Montréal, Canada
Mahdi T, Marche C (2003) Prévision par modélisation numérique de la zone de risqué bordant un tronçon de rivière subissant une crue exceptionnelle. Can J Civil Eng 30(3):568–579
Philiponnat G, Hubert B (1998) Fondation et Ouvrages en Terre. Eyrolles. France
Song CCS, Yang CT (1979) Velocity profiles and minimum stream power. J Hydr Divi-ASCE 105(HY8):981–998
Song CCS, Yang CT (1982) Minimum energy and energy dissipation rate. J Hydr Divi-ASCE 108(HY5):690–706
St-Arnaud G (1981) Étude des berges entre la centrale Première-Chute et le lac Témiscaming. Direction Projets de Centrales, Service Géologie et Géotechnique, Hydro-Québec
Thibault C (2000) Résumé des données disponibles entre la centrale Première-Chute et le lac Témiscaming, Rivière des Quinze. Étude d’érosion des berges en cas de rupture de barrage. Report for Hydro-Québec. Laval University, Canada
Yang CT, Simões F (2000) User’s Manual for GSTARS 2.1 (Generalized Stream Tube model for Alluvial River Simulation version 2.1). U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, Technical Service Center, Denver, Colorado
Yang CT, Song CCS (1979) Theory of minimum rate of energy dissipation. J Hydr Divi-ASCE 105(HY7):769–784
Yang CT, Song CCS (1986) Theory of minimum energy and energy dissipation rate. In: Cheremisinoff NP (ed) Encyclopedia of fluid mechanics, vol. 1, chap. 11. Gulf Publishing Company, Houston, Tex, pp 353–399
Acknowledgements
The previous results are the fruit of research accomplished due to the support of Hydro-Québec to whom the writer expresses his thanks. Additionally, the writer thanks the anonymous reviewers for their review suggestions.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Mahdi, T. Pairing geotechnics and fluvial hydraulics for the prediction of the hazard zones of an exceptional flooding. Nat Hazards 42, 225–236 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-006-9096-8
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-006-9096-8