Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Selection of Secondary Hub Airport Location Based on Connectivity and Green Airport Solutions

  • Research
  • Published:
Networks and Spatial Economics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The air transport systems can be represented as a network where airports serve as nodes and flight paths as links. The degree of connections between airports is defined as connectivity in air transport. With the increasing competition environment after liberalization in the air transport sector, the connectivity of airports is becoming an increasingly important issue. Thanks to Türkiye’s advantageous geographical situation, and the hub and spoke system applied to the network structures of the airline companies operating, the city of Istanbul has become a major transfer point. However, considering the increasing demand for air transport, population growth, tourism and trade volume, capacity constraints of airports, and existing and ongoing transport infrastructure investments, it is considered that the establishment of a polycentric network structure in Türkiye will increase the connectivity in air transport. In this study, in order to contribute to the development of the multi-center air transport model; a hub location selection model has been developed considering the factors affecting the connectivity of airports. GAMS software was used for model solution. In order to measure high-speed train accessibility, green airport applications and the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic, different scenarios were produced, and the solution results were evaluated.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

Availability of Data and Materials

The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

References

  • ACI EUROPE (2019) Airport industry connectivity report

    Google Scholar 

  • Adler N, Berechman J (2001) Evaluating optimal multi-hub networks in a deregulated aviation market with application to Western Europe. Transp Res Part A Policy Pract 35:373–390

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Adler N, Hashai N (2005) Effect of open skies in the Middle East region. Transp Res Part A Policy Pract 39(10):878–894

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Alibeyg A, Contreras I, Fernández E (2016) Hub network design problems with profits. Transp Res E 96:40–59

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Alumur SA, Yaman H, Kara B (2012) Hierarchical multimodal hub location problem with time-definite deliveries. Transp Res Part E Logistics Transp Rev 48:1107–1120

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • An Y, Zhang Y, Zeng B (2015) The reliable hub-and-spoke design problem: models and algorithms. Transp Res Part B Methodol 77:103–122

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Aykin T (1995) Networking policies for hub-and-spoke systems with application to the air transportation system. Transport Sci 29(3):201–221

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bania N, Bauer P, Zlatoper TU (1998) Air passenger service: a taxonomy of route network, hub location, and competition. Transp Res Part E 34(1):53–74

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Borenstein S (1989) Hubs and high fares: dominance and market power in the U.S. Airline industry. RAND J Econ 20:344–365

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Burghouwt G, Redondi R (2013) Connectivity in air transport networks: an assessment of models and applications. J Transp Econ Policy 47:35–53

    Google Scholar 

  • Campbell JF (1991) Working Paper on “Hub location problems and the p-hub median problem.” Center for Business and Industrial Studies, University of Missouri, St. Louis

    Google Scholar 

  • Campbell JF (1994) Integer programming formulations of discrete hub location problems. Eur J Oper Res 72(2):387–405

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Campbell J, O’Kelly M (2012) Twenty-Five Years of Hub Location Research. Transport Sci 46(2):153–169. https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.1120.0410

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Daskin MS (1995) Network and discrete location: models, algorithms, and applications. Wiley, New York

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • DGCA (2019) Green airport project sectoral criteria document. DGCA, Ankara

    Google Scholar 

  • DHMI (2020) 2019–2020 year-end statistics. DHMI, Ankara

    Google Scholar 

  • Düdden J (2006) Multi-Hub Network Configurations - A Temporary or Permanent Outcome of Airline Consolidation? Rev Netw Econ 5(4). https://doi.org/10.2202/1446-9022.1106

  • Dukkanci O, Kara BY (2017) Routing and scheduling decisions in the hierarchical hub location problem. Comput Oper Res 85:45–57

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dukkanci O, Peker M, Kara BY (2019) Green hub location problem. Transp Res E 125:116–139

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Duyguvar AS (2018) Site selection model for sustainable logistics centers doctoral thesis. Gazi University Institute of Science and Technology, Ankara

    Google Scholar 

  • Eiselt HA, Marianov V (2009) A conditional P-Hub location problem with attraction functions. Comput Oper Res 36:3128–3135

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Farahani RZ, Hekmatfar M, BolooriArabani A, Nikbakhsh E (2013) Hub location problems: a review of models, classification, solution techniques, and applications. Comput Ind Eng 64(4):1096–1109

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sugiyanto G, Santosa PB, Wibowo A, Santi MY (2015) Analysis of Hub-and-spoke Airport Networks in Java Island Based on Cargo Volume and Freight Ratio. Proc Eng 125:556–563. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2015.11.061

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hakimi SL (1964) Optimum Locations of Switching Centers and the Absolute Centers and Medians of a Graph. Operations Research 12(3):450–459. https://doi.org/10.1287/opre.12.3.450

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hekmatfar M, Pishvaee M (2009) Hub location problem

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Hoff A, Peiró J, Corberán A, Marti R (2017) Heuristics for the capacitated modular hub location problem. Comput Oper Res 86:94–109

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • IATA (2020) Air connectivity measuring the connections that drive eceonomic growth

    Google Scholar 

  • Jaillet P, Song G, Yu G (1996) Airline network design and hub location problems. Location Sci 4(3):195–212

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lüer-Villagra A, Marianov V (2013) A competitive hub location and pricing problem. Eur J Oper Res 231:734–744

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Martin JC, Roman C (2003) Hub location in the South-Atlantic airline market: a spatial competition game. Transp Res Part A Policy Pract 37(10):865–888

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ministry of Commerce (2021a) 2019–2020 Export statistics by Province. Ministry of Commerce, Ankara

    Google Scholar 

  • Ministry of Commerce (2021b) 2019–2020 Import statistics by Province. Ministry of Commerce, Ankara

    Google Scholar 

  • Ministry of Culture and Tourism (2020) Tourism statistics. Ministry of Culture and Tourism, Ankara

    Google Scholar 

  • Ministry of Industry and Technology (2019) Socio-economic development ranking survey of provinces and regions SEGE-2017. General directorate of development agencies publication number: 3 research report number: 3, December 2019. Ministry of Industry and Technology, Ankara

    Google Scholar 

  • Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure (2020) Reaching and reaching Turkey 2020. Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure, Ankara

    Google Scholar 

  • Mohammadi M, Torabi SA, Tavakkoli-Moghaddam R (2014) Sustainable hub location under mixed uncertainty. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review 62:89–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tre.2013.12.005

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Najya W, Diabat A (2020) Benders decomposition for multiple-allocation hub-andspoke network design with economies of scale and node congestion. Transp Res Part B Methodol 133:62–84

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • O’ Kelly ME (1992) Hub facility location with fixed costs. Papers Reg Sci 71:292–306

    Google Scholar 

  • O’Kelly ME (1986a) The location of interacting hub facilities. Transport Sci 20(2):92–106

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • O’Kelly ME (1986b) Activity levels at hub facilities in interacting networks. Geogr Anal 18(4):343–356

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • O’Kelly ME (1987) A quadratic integer program for the location of interacting hub facilities. Eur J Oper Res 32(3):393–404

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Oktal H, Özger A (2013) Hub location in air cargo transportation: a case study. J Air Transp Manage 27:1–4

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • PwC (2014) Connectivity and Growth Directions of Travel for Airport Investments

  • Redondi R, Malighetti P, Paleari S (2011) Hub competition and travel times in the world-wide airport network. J Transport Geography 19(6):1260–1271. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2010.11.010

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Redondi R, Malighetti P, Paleari S (2012) De-hubbing of airports and their recovery patterns. J Air Transp Manag 18(1):1–4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2011.04.002

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Saberi M, Mahmassani H (2013) Modeling the airline hub location and optimal market problems with continuous approximation techniques. J Transp Geogr 30:68–76

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sasaki M, Suzuki A, Drezner Z (1999) On the selection of hub airports for an airline hub-and-spoke system. Comput Oper Res 26(14):11–1422

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shaw SL (1993) Hub structures of major US passenger airline. J Transp Geogr 1(1):47–58

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sibel A, Kara BY (2008) Network hub location problems: The state of the art. Eur J Oper Res 190(1):1–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2007.06.008

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Simsek A (2015) Accessible cities and regions: the effect of accessibility on regional development and development of accessibility index by provinces. Ministry of Development, General Directorate of Regional Development and Structural Adjustment

    Google Scholar 

  • Soylu B, Katip H (2019) A multiobjective hub-airport location problem for an airline network design. Eur J Oper Res 277:412–425

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Taherkhani G, Alumur AS (2019) Profit maximizing hub location problems. Omega 86:1–5

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tiwari R, Jayaswal S, Sinha A (2021) Competitive hub location problem: model and solution approaches. Trans Res B Methodol 146:237–261

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Toh RS, Higgins RC (1985) The impact of hub and spoke network centralization and route monopoly on domestic airline profitability. Transp J 24:16–27

    Google Scholar 

  • Torkestani SS, Hosseini SM, Makui A, Shahanaghi K (2018) The reliable design of a hierarchical multi-modes transportation hub location problems (HMMTHLP) under dynamic network disruption (DND). Comput Ind Eng 122:39–86

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Turkstat (2021) Provincial/district center, town/village population and population density statistics by province and gender. Turkstat, Ankara

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang Y, Zhang A, Zhu Z, Wang K (2017) Connectivity at Chinese airports: the evolution and drivers. Transp Res Part A Policy Pract 103:490–508

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhu Z, Zhang A, Zhang Y (2017) Connectivity of intercity passenger transportation in China: a multi-modal and network approach. J Transp Geogr 71:263–276

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

None.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Applied Sciences Institute Traffic Planning and Implementation, Gazi University, Ankara, Türkiye

    Seda Hatipoğlu & Ecem Yazıcı

  2. Civil Engineering Department, Gazi University, Ankara, Türkiye

    Hazal Ergül

Authors
  1. Seda Hatipoğlu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Hazal Ergül
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Ecem Yazıcı
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

Seda Hatipoğlu: Investigation, Methodology, Writing-review & editing. Hazal Ergül: Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Writing and Review, Figure Preparation. Ecem Yazıcı: Data curation, Formal Analysis, Investigation.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Hazal Ergül.

Ethics declarations

Ethical Approval

Not applicable.

Competing Interests

The authors declare no competing interests.

Additional information

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Hatipoğlu, S., Ergül, H. & Yazıcı, E. Selection of Secondary Hub Airport Location Based on Connectivity and Green Airport Solutions. Netw Spat Econ (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11067-024-09622-6

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11067-024-09622-6

Keywords

Search

Navigation