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Global Navigation Satellite System based tolling: state-of-the-art

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Abstract

Road pricing or road user charging may be understood as an economic concept regarding direct charges applied for using roads. Different pricing paradigms may be distinguished mainly refering to pricing of congested, non-expandable urban networks as well as pricing of expandable, uncongested (principally, interurban) road infrastructure. Numerous technologies within Intelligent Transport Systems can provide support in efficiently applying various charging mechanisms. Recently, among others, tolling systems have been deployed that rely on the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). The purpose of this paper is to discuss the state-of-the-art of using GNSS technology in road user charging.

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  1. Institute of Information Systems (Wirtschaftsinformatik), University of Hamburg, Von-Melle-Park 5, 20146, Hamburg, Germany

    Julia Numrich & Stefan Voß

  2. Q-Free ASA, 7443, Trondheim, Norway

    Sascha Ruja

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  1. Julia Numrich
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Correspondence to Stefan Voß.

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Numrich, J., Ruja, S. & Voß, S. Global Navigation Satellite System based tolling: state-of-the-art. Netnomics 13, 93–123 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11066-013-9073-9

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