Abstract
This systematic review aimed at investigating those interventions that impact on cognitive functioning in children and adults with cerebral palsy (CP). A systematic database search was conducted and twenty-eight studies suitable for inclusion were identified, of which only nine were randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Among all the studies included, ten were multi-modal (cognitive and physical tasks), eleven physical, five cognitive, and two alternative and augmentative communication interventions. The evidence suggests that multi-modal and physical interventions improve general cognitive functioning. Multi-modal and cognitive interventions have an impact on visual perception. Both interventions, together with physical interventions have an effect on a specific executive function domain (inhibitory control), and only cognitive interventions improved other executive function domains such as working memory. However, no RCT assessed the effects of all executive function domains. Few studies have looked at interventions to improve memory and language, and there is a scarcity of long-term research. Future RCTs must be of higher quality and better account for age and sex differences, as well as the clinical heterogeneity of CP. To date, there is evidence that multi-modal, cognitive or physical interventions have an impact on general cognitive functioning, visual perception and executive functions in children with CP, which may support their cognitive development.
The protocol was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO): CRD42020152616.
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Change history
30 March 2023
A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11065-023-09590-7
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This work was supported by the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (PSI2016–75979-R AEI/FEDER, UE) and by Agència de Gestió d’Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca from Generalitat de Catalunya (2017SGR0748). Montse Blasco received a research grant supported by Universitat de Barcelona (grant code APIF_2018–2019) and María García Galant received a research grant supported by the Agència de Gestió d’Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca from Generalitat de Catalunya (grant code FI-SDUR 2020).
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Roser Pueyo, Montse Blasco and María García-Galant contributed to the conception and design of the article. Montse Blasco, Alba Berenguer-González, Xavier Caldú and Miquel Arqué performed the literature search, data extraction and synthesis. Montse Blasco wrote the draft of the manuscript and María García-Galant took part in editing and figure preparation. All authors critically reviewed and commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Blasco, M., García-Galant, M., Berenguer-González, A. et al. Interventions with an Impact on Cognitive Functions in Cerebral Palsy: a Systematic Review. Neuropsychol Rev 33, 551–577 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11065-022-09550-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11065-022-09550-7