Skip to main content

The Differential Effects of Alzheimer's Disease and Lewy Body Pathology on Cognitive Performance: a Meta-analysis

Neuropsychology Review volume 27, pages 1–17 (2017)Cite this article

Abstract

Differential diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) from normal aging and other dementia etiologies is imperative for disease specific treatment options and long-term care planning. Neuropathological confirmation is the gold standard for neurodegenerative disease diagnosis, yet most published studies examining the use of neuropsychological tests in the differential diagnosis of dementia rely upon clinical diagnostic outcomes. The present study undertook a meta-analytic review of the literature to identify cognitive tests and domains that allow for the differentiation of individuals with AD pathology from individuals with dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB) pathology and pathology-free individuals. A comprehensive literature search yielded 14 studies that met the inclusion criteria for the present meta-analysis. Six studies comprised 222 decedents with AD compared to 433 normal controls, and eight studies comprised 431 cases of AD compared to 155 decedents with DLB. Results revealed that the effect of having neuropathologically confirmed AD versus DLB lowered performance in the memory domain, and having DLB decreased performance in the visuospatial domain. No single test differed significantly across the AD and DLB groups. For the AD and pathology free comparison, results indicated that that AD was associated with poorer performance on the memory and language domains. With respect to specific cognitive tests, AD produced lower scores on list learning tests, category fluency, and the Digit Symbol substitution test. The limited number of studies meeting inclusion criteria warrants formulation of guidelines for reporting in clinico-pathological studies; suggested guidelines are provided.

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.

Access options

Buy single article

Instant access to the full article PDF.

43,34 €

Price includes VAT (Finland)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

References

References marked with an asterisk indicate studies included in the meta-analysis

  • Ahmed, S., de Jager, C. A., Haigh, A. M., & Garrard, P. (2013). Semantic processing in connected speech at a uniformly early stage of autopsy-confirmed Alzheimer's disease. Neuropsychology. doi:10.1037/a0031288.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Albert, M. S., Moss, M. B., Tanzi, R., & Jones, K. (2001). Preclinical prediction of AD using neuropsychological tests. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society. doi:10.1017/S1355617701755105.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Albert, Albert, M. S. DeCarli, C. DeKosky, S. De Leon, M. Foster, N. L. Fox, … Khachaturian, Z. (2005). The use of MRI and PET for clinical diagnosis of dementia and investigation of cognitive impairment: A consensus report. In Alzheimer's Association.

  • Bäckman, L., Jones, S., Berger, A. K., Laukka, E. J., & Small, B. J. (2005). Cognitive impairment in preclinical Alzheimer's disease: a meta-analysis. Neuropsychology. doi:10.1037/0894-4105.19.4.520.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • * Ballard, C., Holmes, C., McKeith, I., Neill, D., O’Brien, J., Cairns, N., et al. (1999). Psychiatric morbidity in dementia with Lewy bodies: a prospective clinical and neuropathological comparative study with Alzheimer’s disease. American Journal of Psychiatry, 156, 1039–1045.

  • * Beach, T. G., Adler, C. H., Lue, L., Sue, L. I., Bachalakuri, J., Henry-Watson, J., et al. (2009). Unified staging system for Lewy body disorders: correlation with nigrostriatal degeneration, cognitive impairment and motor dysfunction. Acta Neuropathologica. doi:10.1007/s00401-009-0538.

  • Beach, T. G., Monsell, S. E., Phillips, L. E., & Kukull, W. (2012). Accuracy of the clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer disease at National Institute on Aging Alzheimer disease centers, 2005–2010. Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology. doi:10.1097/NEN.0b013e31824b211b.

    PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • * Bennett, D. A., Schneider, J. A., Arvanitakis, Z., Kelly, J. F., Aggarwal, N. T., Shah, R. C., & Wilson, R. S. (2006). Neuropathology of older persons without cognitive impairment from two community-based studies. Neurology. doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000219668.47116.e6.

  • Bossuyt, P. M., Reitsma, J. B., Bruns, D. E., Gatsonis, C. A., Glasziou, P. P., Irwig, L. M., et al. (2003). The STARD statement for reporting studies of diagnostic accuracy: explanation and elaboration. Annals of Internal Medicine, 138, W1–12. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-138-1-200301070-00012-w1.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Caramelli, P., Robitaille, Y., LarocheCholette, A., Nitrini, R., Gauvreau, D., Joanette, Y., & Lecours, A. R. (1998). Structural correlates of cognitive deficits in a selected group of patients with Alzheimer's disease. Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology, 11, 184–190.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen, P., Ratcliff, G., Belle, S. H., Cauley, J. A., DeKosky, S. T., & Ganguli, M. (2001). Patterns of cognitive decline in presymptomatic Alzheimer disease: a prospective community study. Archives of General Psychiatry. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.58.9.853.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Christensen, H., Hadzi-Pavlovic, D., & Jacomb, P. (1991). The psychometric differentiation of dementia from normal aging: A meta-analysis. Psychological Assessment: A Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. doi:10.1037//1040-3590.3.2.147.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chui, H. C., Zarow, C., Mack, W. J., Ellis, W. G., Zheng, L., Jagust, W. J., et al. (2006). Cognitive impact of subcortical vascular and Alzheimer’s disease pathology. Annals of Neurology. doi:10.1002/ana.21009.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analyses for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). New York: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Collerton, D., Burn, D., McKeith, I., & O’Brien, J. (2003). Systematic review and meta-analysis show that dementia with Lewy bodies is a visual-perceptual and attentional-executive dementia. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders. doi:10.1159/000072807.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Davis, D. G., Schmitt, F. A., Wekstein, D. R., & Markesbery, W. R. (1999). Alzheimer neuropathologic alterations in aged cognitively normal subjects. Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology. doi:10.1097/00005072-199904000-00008.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Development Core Team, R. (2015). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing Available from http://www.R-project.org.

    Google Scholar 

  • Driscoll, I., Resnick, S. M., Troncoso, J. C., An, Y., O'Brien, R., & Zonderman, A. B. (2006). Impact of Alzheimer's pathology on cognitive trajectories in nondemented elderly. Annals of Neurology. doi:10.1002/ana.21031.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dubois, B., Feldman, H. H., Jacova, C., DeKosky, S. T., Barberger-Gateau, P., Cummings, J., et al. (2007). Research criteria for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: revising the NINCDS–ADRDA criteria. The Lancet Neurology. doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(07)70178-3.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Elfgren, C., Brun, A., Gustafson, L., Johanson, A., Minthon, L., Passant, U., & Risberg, J. (1994). Neuropsychological tests as discriminators between dementia of Alzheimer type and frontotemporal dementia. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. doi:10.1002/gps.930090807.

    Google Scholar 

  • Elias, M., Beiser, A., Wolf, P., Au, R., White, R., & D’Agostino, R. (2000). The preclinical phase of Alzheimer disease: a 22- year prospective study of the Framingham cohort. Archives of Neurology. doi:10.1001/archneur.57.6.808.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ferman, T. J., Smith, G. E., Boeve, B. F., Graff-Radford, N. R., Lucas, J. A., Knopman, D. S., et al. (2006). Neuropsychological differentiation of dementia with Lewy bodies from normal aging and Alzheimer's disease. The Clinical Neuropsychologist. doi:10.1080/13854040500376831.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Field, A. P., & Gillett, R. (2010). How to do a meta-analysis. British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology. doi:10.1348/000711010X502733.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Galasko, D., Hansen, L. A., Katzman, R., Wiederholt, W., Masliah, E., Terry, R., et al. (1994). Clinical-neuropathological correlations in Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. Archives of Neurology. doi:10.1001/archneur.1994.00540210060013.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • * Galasko, D., Katzman, R., Salmon, D. P., & Hansen, L. (1996). Clinical and neuropathological findings in Lewy body dementias. Brain and Cognition. doi:10.1006/brcg.1996.0040.

  • Galvin, J. E., Powlishta, K. K., Wilkins, K., McKeel, D. W., Xiong, C., Grant, E., et al. (2005). Predictors of preclinical Alzheimer disease and dementia: a clinicopathologic study. Archives of Neurology, 62, 758–765.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Galvin, J. E., Boeve, B. F., Duda, J. E., Galasko, D. R., Kaufer, D., Leverenz, J. B., … Lopez, O. L. (2008). Current issues in Lewy body dementia diagnosis, treatment and research. Retrieved from Lewy Body Dementia Association website: http://www.lbda.org/sites/default/files/current_issues.pdf.

  • Gaugler, J. E., Ascher-Svanum, H., Roth, D. L., Fafowora, T., Siderowf, A., & Beach, T. G. (2013). Characteristics of patients misdiagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease and their medication use: An analysis of the NACC-UDS database. BMC Geriatrics, 13. doi:10.1186/1471-2318-13-137.

  • * Goldman, W. P., Price, J. L., Storandt, M., Grant, E. A., McKeel, D. W., Rubin, E. H., & Morris, J. C. (2001). Absence of cognitive impairment or decline in preclinical Alzheimer’s disease. Neurology. doi:10.1212/WNL.56.3.361.

  • * Hamilton, J. M., Salmon, D. P., Galasko, D., Delis, D. C., Hansen, L. A., Masliah, E., et al. (2004). A comparison of episodic memory deficits in neuropathologically-confirmed dementia with Lewy bodies and Alzheimer's disease. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society. doi:10.1017/S1355617704105043.

  • Hamilton, J. M., Salmon, D. P., Galasko, D., Raman, R., Emond, J., Hansen, L. A., et al. (2008). Visuospatial deficits predict rate of cognitive decline in autopsy-verified dementia with Lewy bodies. Neuropsychology. doi:10.1037/a0012949.

    PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Henry, J. D., Crawford, J. R., & Phillips, L. H. (2004). Verbal fluency performance in dementia of the Alzheimer’s type: a meta-analysis. Neuropsychologia. doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2004.02.001.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hirni, D. I., Kivisaari, S. L., Monsch, A. U., & Taylor, K. I. (2016). Distinct neuroanatomical bases of episodic and semantic memory performance in Alzheimer’s disease. Neuropsychologia. doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2013.01.013.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hulette, C. M., Welsh-Bohmer, K. A., Murray, M. G., Saunders, A. M., Mash, D. C., & McIntyre, L. M. (1998). Neuropathological and neuropsychological changes in “normal” aging: evidence for preclinical Alzheimer disease in cognitively normal individuals. Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology. doi:10.1097/00005072-199812000-00009.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hutchinson, A. D., & Mathais, J. L. (2007). Neuropsychological deficits in frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer’s disease: a meta-analytic review. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2006.100669.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hyman, B. T., Phelps, C. H., Beach, T. G., Bigio, E. H., Cairns, N. J., Carrillo, M. C., et al. (2012). National Institute on Aging–Alzheimer’s Association guidelines for the neuropathologic assessment of Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimer’s & Dementia, 8, 1–13.

  • Jacobs, D. M., Sano, M., Dooneief, G., Marder, K., Bell, K. L., & Stern, Y. (1995). Neuropsychological detection and characterization of preclinical Alzheimer's disease. Neurology. doi:10.1212/WNL.45.5.957.

    Google Scholar 

  • John, S. E., Gurnani, A. S., Bussell, C. A., Saurman, J. L., Griffin, J. W., & Gavett, B. E. (in press). The effectiveness and unique contribution of neuropsychological tests and the δ latent dementia phenotype in the differential diagnosis of dementia in the uniform data set. Neuropsychology.

  • Johns, E. K., Phillips, N. A., Belleville, S., Goupil, D., Babins, L., Kelner, L., et al. (2009). Executive functions in frontotemporal dementia and Lewy body dementia. Neuropsychology. doi:10.1037/a0016792.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, D. K., & Galvin, J. E. (2011). Longitudinal changes in cognition in Parkinson’s disease with and without dementia. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, doi, 1159/000323570.

  • Johnson, D. K., Morris, J. C., & Galvin, J. E. (2005). Verbal and visuospatial deficits in dementia with Lewy bodies. Neurology. doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000180964.60708.c2.

    PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • * Johnson, D. K., Storandt, M., Morris, J. C., Langford, Z. D., & Galvin, J. E. (2008). Cognitive profiles in dementia: Alzheimer disease vs healthy brain aging. Neurology. doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000335972.35970.70.

  • Johnson, D. K., Storandt, M., Morris, J. C., & Galvin, J. E. (2009). Longitudinal study of the transition from healthy aging to Alzheimer’s disease. Archives of Neurology. doi:10.1001/archneurol.2009.158.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Josephs, K. A., Tsuboi, Y., Cookson, N., Watt, H., & Dickson, D. W. (2004). Apolipoprotein E ε4 is a determinant for Alzheimer-type pathologic features in tauopathies, synucleinopathies, and frontotemporal degeneration. Archives of Neurology. doi:10.1001/archneur.61.10.1579.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kanne, S. M., Balota, D. A., Storandt, M., McKeel, D. W., & Morris, J. C. (1998). Relating anatomy to function in Alzheimer’s disease: neuropsychological profiles predict regional neuropathology 5 years later. Neurology. doi:10.1212/WNL.50.4.979.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kazee, A. M., Eskin, T. A., Lapham, L. W., Gabriel, K. R., McDaniel, K. D., & Hamill, R. W. (1993). Clinicopathologic correlates in Alzheimer disease: assessment of clinical and pathologic diagnostic criteria. Alzheimer Disease & Associated Disorders, 7, 152–164.

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Khachaturian, Z. S. (1985). Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease. Archives of Neurology, 42, 1097–1105. doi:10.1001/archneur.1985.04060100083029.

    CAS  Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Konstantopoulos, S. (2011). Fixed effects and variance components estimation in three-level meta-analysis. Research Synthesis Methods. doi:10.1002/jrsm.35.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kraybill, M. L., Larson, E. B., Tsuang, D. W., Teri, L., McCormick, W. C., Bowen, J. D., et al. (2005). Cognitive differences in dementia patients with autopsy-verified Alzheimer’s disease, Lewy body pathology, or both. Neurology, 64, 2069–2073.

    CAS  Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Lamar, M., Price, C. C., Davis, K. L., Kaplan, E., & Libon, D. J. (2002). Capacity to maintain mental set in dementia. Neuropsychologia. doi:10.1016/S0028-3932(01)00125-7.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lezak, M. D., Howieson, D. B., Bigler, E. D., & Tranel, D. (2012). Neuropsychological assessment (5th ed.). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lopez, O. L., Wisniewski, S. R., Becker, J. T., Boller, F., & DeKosky, S. T. (1999). Psychiatric medication and abnormal behavior as predictors of progression in probable Alzheimer disease. Archives of Neurology, 56, 1266–1272.

  • Mathais, J. L., & Burke, J. (2009). Cognitive functioning in Alzheimer’s and vascular dementia. Neuropsychology. doi:10.1037/a0015384.

    Google Scholar 

  • McKeith, I. G., Burn, D., O’Brien, J., Perry, R., & Perry, E. (2002). Dementia with Lewy bodies. In K. L. Davis, D. Charney, J. T. Koyle, & C. Nemeroff (Eds.), Neuropsychopharmacology: The fifth generation of progress (pp. 1301–1315). Brentwood, TN: American college of neuropsychophamacology.

    Google Scholar 

  • McKeith, I. G., Dickson, D. W., Lowe, J. J., Emre, M. M., O'Brien, J. T., Feldman, H. H., et al. (2005). Diagnosis and management of dementia with Lewy bodies: third report of the DLB consortium. Neurology. doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000187889.17253.b1.

    Google Scholar 

  • McKhann, G. M., Knopman, D. S., Chertkow, H., Hyman, B. T., Jack Jr., C. R., Kawas, C. H., et al. (2011). The diagnosis of dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease: recommendations from the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer’s association workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimer's & Dementia. doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2011.03.005.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meehl, P. E. (1995). Bootstraps taxometrics: solving the classification problem in psychopathology. American Psychologist. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.50.4.266.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • * Minoshima, S., Foster, N. L., Sima, A. A., Frey, K. A., Albin, R. L., & Kuhl, D. E. (2001). Alzheimer's disease versus dementia with Lewy bodies: cerebral metabolic distinction with autopsy confirmation. Annals of Neurology. doi:10.1002/ana.1133.

  • Mitchell, A. J. (2009). A meta-analysis of the accuracy of the mini-mental state examination in the detection of dementia and mild cognitive impairment. Journal of Psychiatric Research. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2008.04.014.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D. G., & The PRISMA Group (2009). Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. PLoS Medicine, 6(7), e1000097. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed1000097.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Mollenhauer, B., Förstl, H., Deuschl, G., Storch, A., Oertel, W., & Trenkwalder, C. (2010). Lewy body and Parkinsonian dementia: common but often misdiagnosed conditions. Deutsches Ärzteblatt International. doi:10.3238/arztebl.2010.0684.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Mrak, R. E., & Griffin, W. S. T. (2007). Dementia with Lewy bodies: definition, diagnosis, and pathogenic relationship to Alzheimer’s disease. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 3, 619–625.

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Mungas, D., Beckett, L., Harvey, D., Tomaszewski Farias, S., Reed, B., Carmichael, O., et al. (2010). Heterogeneity of cognitive trajectories in diverse older persons. Psychology and Aging. doi:10.1037/a0019502.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Newell, K. L., Hyman, B. T., Growdon, J. H., & Hedley-Whyte, E. T. (1999). Application of the National Institute on Aging (NIA)-Reagan institute criteria for the neuropathological diagnosis of Alzheimer disease. Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology. doi:10.1097/00005072-199911000-00004.

    Google Scholar 

  • Palmer, K., Bäckman, L., Winblad, B., & Fratiglioni, L. (2003). Detection of Alzheimer's disease and dementia in the preclinical phase: population based cohort study. British Medical Journal. doi:10.1136/bmj.326.7383.245.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pinhiero, J. C., & Bates, D. M. (2000). Mixed-effects models in S and S-PLUS. New York: Springer.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Price, D. L., Tanzi, R. E., Borchelt, D. R., & Sisodia, S. S. (1998). Alzheimer’s disease: genetic studies and transgenic models. Annual Review of Genetics. doi:10.1146/annurev.genet.32.1.461.

  • Price, J. L., McKeel, D. W., Buckles, V. D., Roe, C. M., Xiong, C., Grundman, M., et al. (2009). Neuropathology of nondemented aging: presumptive evidence for preclinical Alzheimer disease. Neurobiology of Aging. doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2009.04.002.

    PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Reed, B. R., Mungas, D. M., Kramer, J. H., Ellis, W., Vinters, H. V., Zarow, C., et al. (2007). Profiles of neuropsychological impairment in autopsy-defined Alzheimer’s disease and cerebrovascular disease. Brain. doi:10.1093/brain/awl385.

  • * Riley, K. P., Jicha, G. A., Davis, D., Abner, E. L., Cooper, G. E., Stiles, N., et al. (2011). Prediction of preclinical Alzheimer's disease: longitudinal rates of change of cognition. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease. doi:10.3233/JAD-2011-102133.

  • Rosenthal, R. (1979). The file drawer problem and tolerance for null results. Psychological Bulletin. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.86.3.638.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosenthal, R., & DiMatteo, M. R. (2001). Meta-analysis: recent developments in quantitative methods for literature reviews. Annual Review of Psychology. doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.59.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ruscio, J. (2008). A probability-based measure of effect size: robustness to base rates and other factors. Psychological Methods, 13, 19–30. doi:10.1037/1082-989X.13.1.19.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Salmon, D. P. (2000). Disorders of memory in Alzheimer’s disease. In L. S. Cermak (2nd Ed.), Handbook of neuropsychology, Vol. 2: Memory and its disorders (pp.155–195). Amsterdam: Elsevier.

  • Salmon, D. P., & Bondi, M. W. (2009). Neuropsychological assessment of dementia. Annual Review of Psychology. doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.57.102904.190024.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • * Scheff, S. W., Price, D. A., Schmitt, F. A., Scheff, M. A., & Mufson, E. J. (2011). Synaptic loss in the inferior temporal gyrus in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease. doi:10.3233/JAD-2011-101782.

  • * Schmitt, F. A., Davis, D. G., Wekstein, D. R., Smith, C. D., Ashford, J. W., & Markesbery, W. R. (2000). Preclinical. AD revisited: Neuropathology of Cognitively Normal Older Adults. Neurology. doi:10.1212/WNL.55.3.370.

  • Sloane, P. D., Zimmerman, S., Suchindran, C., Reed, P., Wang, L., Boustani, M., & Sudha, S. (2002). The public health impact of Alzheimer’s disease, 2000-2050: potential implication of treatment advances. Annual Review of Public Health. doi:10.1146/annurev.publhealth.23.100901.140525.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Storandt, M., Botwinick, J., Danziger, W. L., Berg, L., & Hughes, C. P. (1984). Psychometric differentiation of mild senile dementia of the Alzheimer type. Archives of Neurology. doi:10.1001/archneur.1984.04050170043013.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Strauss, E., Sherman, E. M. S., & Spreen, O. (2006). A compendium of neuropsychological tests: Administration, norms, and commentary (3rd ed.). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tabert, M. H., Manly, J. J., Liu, X., Pelton, G. H., Rosenblum, S., Jacobs, M., et al. (2006). Neuropsychological prediction of conversion to Alzheimer disease in patients with mild cognitive impairment. Archives of General Psychiatry. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.63.8.916.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tierney, M. C., Snow, W. G., Reid, D. W., Zorzitto, M. L., & Fisher, R. H. (1987). Psychometric differentiation of dementia: replication and extension of the findings of Storandt and coworkers. Archives of Neurology. doi:10.1001/archneur.1987.00520190032013.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tierney, M. C., Szalai, J. P., Snow, W. G., Fisher, R. H., Nores, A., Nadon, G., et al. (1996). Prediction of probable Alzheimer's disease in memory-impaired patients: A prospective longitudinal study. Neurology. doi:10.1212/WNL.46.3.661.

    Google Scholar 

  • * Tiraboschi, P., & Guerra, U. P. (2010). How to distinguish dementia with Lewy bodies from Alzheimer’s disease? The Open Nuclear Medicine Journal. doi:10.2174/1876388X01002020058.

  • Tiraboschi, P., Salmon, D. P., Hansen, L. A., Hofstetter, R. C., Thal, L. J., & Corey-Bloom, J. (2006). What best differentiates Lewy body from Alzheimer's disease in early-stage dementia? Brain. doi:10.1093/brain/awh725.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tombaugh, T. N., & McIntyre, N. J. (1992). The mini-mental state examination: a comprehensive review. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1992.tb01992.x.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Varma, A. R., Snowden, J. S., Lloyd, J. J., Talbot, P. R., Mann, D. M. A., & Neary, D. (1999). Evaluation of the NINCDS-ADRDA criteria in the differentiation of Alzheimer’s disease and frontotemporal dementia. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry. doi:10.1136/jnnp.66.2.184.

    Google Scholar 

  • Viechtbauer, W. (2010). Conducting meta-analyses in R with the metafor package. Journal of Statistical Software, 36, 1–48 Retrieved from http://www.jstatsoft.org/v36/i03.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Walker, Z., McKeith, I., Rodda, J., Qassem, T., Tatsch, K., Booij, J., et al. (2012). Comparison of cognitive decline between dementia with Lewy bodies and Alzheimer’s disease: a cohort study. British Medical Journal Open. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2011-000380.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang, B. W., Lu, E., Mackenzie, I. R. A., Assaly, M., Jacova, C., Lee, P. E., et al. (2012). Multiple pathologies are common in Alzheimer patients in clinical trials. The Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences. doi:10.1017/S0317167100015316.

    Google Scholar 

  • Welsh, K., Butters, N., Hughes, J., Mohs, R., & Heyman, A. (1991). Detection of abnormal memory decline in mild cases of Alzheimer's disease using CERAD neuropsychological measures. Archives of Neurology. doi:10.1001/archneur.1991.00530150046016.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • * Yoshizawa, H., Vonsattel, J. P. G., & Honig, L. S. (2013). Early neuropsychological discriminants for Lewy body disease: an autopsy series. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry. doi:10.1136/jnnp-2012-304381.

  • Zakzanis, K. K. (2001). Statistics to tell the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth: formulae, illustrative numerical examples, and heuristic interpretation of effect size analyses for neuropsychological researchers. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology. doi:10.1016/S0887-6177(00)00076-7.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The data from this manuscript were presented at the annual conferences of the International Neuropsychological Society (2014, 2015) and the American Academy of Clinical Neuropsychology (2014). This manuscript was based on the first author’s Master’s thesis.

Author information

Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychology, University of Colorado at Colorado Springs, 1420 Austin Bluffs Parkway, Colorado Springs, CO, 80918, USA

    Ashita S. Gurnani & Brandon E. Gavett

Authors
  1. Ashita S. Gurnani
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Brandon E. Gavett
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ashita S. Gurnani.

Ethics declarations

Funding

None.

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Electronic supplementary material

ESM 1

Summary of the individual neuropsychological tests that make up the five cognitive domains when comparing AD to pathology-free controls (Table 1) and AD to pathologically-confirmed DLB (Table 2). (PDF 65 kb) (PDF 65 kb)

ESM 2

(PDF 114 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and Permissions

About this article

Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Gurnani, A.S., Gavett, B.E. The Differential Effects of Alzheimer's Disease and Lewy Body Pathology on Cognitive Performance: a Meta-analysis. Neuropsychol Rev 27, 1–17 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11065-016-9334-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11065-016-9334-0

Keywords

  • Alzheimer’s disease
  • Dementia with Lewy bodies
  • Neuropsychological tests
  • Autopsy
  • Neuropathology
  • Cognitive tests