Skip to main content

A Role for Cognitive Rehabilitation in Increasing the Effectiveness of Treatment for Alcohol Use Disorders

Neuropsychology Review volume 23, pages 27–47 (2013)Cite this article

Abstract

Neurocognitive impairments are prevalent in persons seeking treatment for alcohol use disorders (AUDs). These impairments and their physical, social, psychological and occupational consequences vary in severity across persons, much like those resulting from traumatic brain injury; however, due to their slower course of onset, alcohol-related cognitive impairments are often overlooked both within and outside of the treatment setting. Evidence suggests that cognitive impairments can impede treatment goals through their effects on treatment processes. Although some recovery of alcohol-related cognitive impairments often occurs after cessation of drinking (time-dependent recovery), the rate and extent of recovery is variable across cognitive domains and individuals. Following a long hiatus in scientific interest, a new generation of research aims to facilitate treatment process and improve AUD treatment outcomes by directly promoting cognitive recovery (experience-dependent recovery). This review updates knowledge about the nature and course of cognitive and brain impairments associated with AUD, including cognitive effects of adolescent AUD. We summarize current evidence for indirect and moderating relationships of cognitive impairment to treatment outcome, and discuss how advances in conceptual frameworks of brain-behavior relationships are fueling the development of novel AUD interventions that include techniques for cognitive remediation. Emerging evidence suggests that such interventions can be effective in promoting cognitive recovery in persons with AUD and other substance use disorders, and potentially increasing the efficacy of AUD treatments. Finally, translational approaches based on cognitive science, neurophysiology, and neuroscience research are considered as promising future directions for effective treatment development that includes cognitive rehabilitation.

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.

Access options

Buy single article

Instant access to the full article PDF.

USD 39.95

Price includes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2

References

  • Agartz, I., Brag, S., Franck, J., Hammarberg, A., Okugawa, G., Svinhufvud, K., et al. (2003). MR volumetry during acute alcohol withdrawal and abstinence: A descriptive study. Alcohol and Alcoholism, 38(1), 71–78.

    PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Alfonso, J. P., Caracuel, A., Delgado-Pastor, L. C., & Verdejo-Garcia, A. (2011). Combined goal management training and mindfulness meditation improve executive functions and decision-making performance in abstinent polysubstance abusers. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 117(1), 78–81. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep. 2010.12.025.

    PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ambrose, M. L., Bowden, S. C., & Whelan, G. (2001). Working memory impairments in alcohol-dependent participants without clinical amnesia. Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research, 25(2), 185–191.

    PubMed  CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Amlung, M., Sweet, L. H., Acker, J., Brown, C. L., & Mackillop, J. (2012). Dissociable brain signatures of choice conflict and immediate reward preferences in alcohol use disorders. Addiction Biology. doi:10.1111/adb.12017.

  • Anderson, K. G., Ramo, D. E., Cummins, K. M., & Brown, S. A. (2010). Alcohol and drug involvement after adolescent treatment and functioning during emerging adulthood. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 107(2–3), 171–181. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2009.10.005.

    PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, M. L., Nokia, M. S., Govindaraju, K. P., & Shors, T. J. (2012). Moderate drinking? Alcohol consumption significantly decreases neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus. Neuroscience, 224, 202–209. doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.08.018 [Article].

    PubMed  CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Babor, T. F., Longabaugh, R., Zweben, A., Fuller, R. K., Stout, R. L., Anton, R. F., et al. (1994). Issues in the definition and measurement of drinking outcomes in alcoholism treatment research. Journal of Studies on Alcohol. Supplement, 12, 101–111.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baker, K. G., Harding, A. J., Halliday, G. M., Kril, J. J., & Harper, C. G. (1999). Neuronal loss in functional zones of the cerebellum of chronic alcoholics with and without Wernicke’s encephalopathy. Neuroscience, 91(2), 429–438.

    PubMed  CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173–1182.

    PubMed  CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bartels, C., Kunert, H. J., Stawicki, S., Kroner-Herwig, B., Ehrenreich, H., & Krampe, H. (2007). Recovery of hippocampus-related functions in chronic alcoholics during monitored long-term abstinence. Alcohol and Alcoholism, 42(2), 92–102.

    PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bartsch, A. J., Homola, G., Biller, A., Smith, S. M., Weijers, H. G., Wiesbeck, G. A., et al. (2007). Manifestations of early brain recovery associated with abstinence from alcoholism. Brain, 130(Pt 1), 36–47.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bates, M. E. (1997). Stability of neuropsychological assessments early in alcoholism treatment. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 58, 617–621.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bates, M. E., & Buckman, J. F. (2013). Integrating body and brain systems in addiction neuroscience. In P. Miller (Ed.), Biological research on addiction: Comprehensive addictive behaviors and disorders, Volume 2, New York: Academic Press.

  • Bates, M. E., & Convit, A. (1999). Neuropsychology and neuroimaging of alcohol and illicit drug abuse. In A. Calev (Ed.), Assessment of neuropsychological functions in psychiatric disorders (pp. 373–445). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bates, M. E., Bowden, S. C., & Barry, D. (2002a). Neurocognitive impairment associated with alcohol use disorders: Implications for treatment. Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, 10(3), 193–212.

    PubMed  CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bates, M. E., Labouvie, E. W., & Voelbel, G. T. (2002b). Individual differences in latent neuropsychological abilities at addictions treatment entry. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 16(1), 35–46.

    PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bates, M. E., Barry, D., Labouvie, E. W., Fals-Stewart, W., Voelbel, G., & Buckman, J. F. (2004). Risk factors and neuropsychological recovery in clients with alcohol use disorders who were exposed to different treatments. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 72(6), 1073–1080.

    PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bates, M. E., Voelbel, G. T., Buckman, J. F., Labouvie, E. W., & Barry, D. (2005). Short-term neuropsychological recovery in clients with substance use disorders. Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research, 29(3), 367–377.

    PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bates, M. E., Pawlak, A. P., Tonigan, J. S., & Buckman, J. F. (2006). Cognitive impairment influences drinking outcome by altering therapeutic mechanisms of change. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 20, 241–253.

    PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bates, M. E., Bowden, S. C., & Barry, D. (2008). Alcohol-related dementia. In C. Publishing (Ed.), Other dementias (pp. 123–145). Delray Beach: Geldmacher, D.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bava, S., Jacobus, J., Thayer, R. E., & Tapert, S. F. (2012). Longitudinal changes in white matter integrity among adolescent substance users. Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research. doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2012.01920.x.

  • Beatty, W. W., Katzung, V. M., Moreland, V. J., & Nixon, S. J. (1995). Neuropsychological performance of recently abstinent alcoholics and cocaine abusers. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 37(3), 247–253.

    PubMed  CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Becker, J. T., & Jaffe, J. H. (1984). Impaired memory for treatment-relevant information in inpatient men alcoholics. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 45(4), 339–343.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Benarroch, E. E. (1997). The central autonomic network. In P. A. Low (Ed.), Clinical autonomic disorders (2nd ed., pp. 17–23). Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bendszus, M., Weijers, H. G., Wiesbeck, G., Warmuth-Metz, M., Bartsch, A. J., Engels, S., et al. (2001). Sequential MR imaging and proton MR spectroscopy in patients who underwent recent detoxification for chronic alcoholism: Correlation with clinical and neuropsychological data. AJNR. American Journal of Neuroradiology, 22(10), 1926–1932.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bickel, W. K., Yi, R., Landes, R. D., Hill, P. F., & Baxter, C. (2011). Remember the future: Working memory training decreases delay discounting among stimulant addicts. Biological Psychiatry, 69(3), 260–265. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.08.017.

    PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bjork, J. M., Grant, S. J., & Hommer, D. W. (2003). Cross-sectional volumetric analysis of brain atrophy in alcohol dependence: Effects of drinking history and comorbid substance use disorder. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 160(11), 2038–2045.

    PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Blume, A. W., & Marlatt, G. A. (2009). The role of executive cognitive functions in changing substance use: What we know and what we need to know. Annals of Behavioral Medicine: A Publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine, 37(2), 117–125. doi:10.1007/s12160-009-9093-8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Blume, A. W., Schmaling, K. B., & Marlatt, G. A. (2005). Memory, executive cognitive function, and readiness to change drinking behavior. Addictive Behaviors, 30(2), 301–314.

    PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bollen, K. A. (1989). Structural equations with latent variables. New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, S. A., Tapert, S. F., Granholm, E., & Delis, D. C. (2000). Neurocognitive functioning of adolescents: Effects of protracted alcohol use. Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research, 24(2), 164–171. doi:10.1097/00000374-200002000-00005 [Article; Proceedings Paper].

    PubMed  CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brown, R. A., Abrantes, A. M., Read, J. P., Marcus, B. H., Jakicic, J., Strong, D. R., et al. (2009). Aerobic exercise for alcohol recovery: Rationale, program description, and preliminary findings. Behavior Modification, 33(2), 220–249. doi:10.1177/0145445508329112.

    PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Buckman, J. F., Bates, M. E., & Cisler, R. A. (2007). Social networks and their influence on drinking behaviors: Differences related to cognitive impairment in clients receiving alcoholism treatment. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 68(5), 738–747.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Buckman, J. F., Bates, M. E., & Morgenstern, J. (2008). Social support and cognitive impairment in clients receiving treatment for alcohol- and drug-use disorders: A replication study. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 69(5), 738–746.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Buhler, M., & Mann, K. (2011). Alcohol and the human brain: A systematic review of different neuroimaging methods. Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research, 35(10), 1771–1793. doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2011.01540.x [Review].

    PubMed  Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Burghardt, N. S., Park, E. H., Hen, R., & Fenton, A. A. (2012). Adult-born hippocampal neurons promote cognitive flexibility in mice. Hippocampus, 22(9), 1795–1808. doi:10.hup/hipo.22013 [Article].

    PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Caldwell, L. C., Schweinsburg, A. D., Nagel, B. J., Barlett, V. C., Brown, S. A., & Tapert, S. F. (2005). Gender and adolescent alcohol use disorders on BOLD (blood oxygen level dependent) response to spatial working memory. Alcohol and Alcoholism, 40(3), 194–200. doi:10.1093/alcalc/agh134.

    PubMed  CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Camchong, J., Stenger, A., & Fein, G. (2012). Resting-state synchrony in long-term abstinent alcoholics. Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research. doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2012.01859.x.

  • Cardenas, V. A., Studholme, C., Meyerhoff, D. J., Song, E., & Weiner, M. W. (2005). Chronic active heavy drinking and family history of problem drinking modulate regional brain tissue volumes. Psychiatry Research, 138(2), 115–130.

    PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cardenas, V. A., Studholme, C., Gazdzinski, S., Durazzo, T. C., & Meyerhoff, D. J. (2007). Deformation-based morphometry of brain changes in alcohol dependence and abstinence. NeuroImage, 34(3), 879–887.

    PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carroll, K. M., Kiluk, B. D., Nich, C., Babuscio, T. A., Brewer, J. A., Potenza, M. N., et al. (2011). Cognitive function and treatment response in a randomized clinical trial of computer-based training in cognitive-behavioral therapy. Substance Use & Misuse, 46(1), 23–34. doi:10.3109/10826084.2011.521069.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chanraud, S., Pitel, A. L., Pfefferbaum, A., & Sullivan, E. V. (2011). Disruption of functional connectivity of the default-mode network in alcoholism. Cerebral Cortex, 21(10), 2272–2281. doi:10.1093/cercor/bhq297.

    PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chanraud, S., Pitel, A. L., Muller-Oehring, E. M., Pfefferbaum, A., & Sullivan, E. V. (2013). Remapping the brain to compensate for impairment in recovering alcoholics. Cerebral Cortex, 23(1), 97–104. doi:10.1093/cercor/bhr381.

    PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chelune, G. J. (2002). Making neuropsychological outcomes research consumer friendly: A commentary on Keith et al. (2002). Neuropsychology, 16(3), 422–425.

    PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chernigovskaia, N. V., Vaschillo, E. G., Petrash, V. V., & Rusanovskiĭ, V. V. (1990). Voluntary regulation of the heart contraction rate as a method for correcting the functional status of neurosis patients. Fiziologiia Cheloveka, 16(2), 58–64.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chiesa, A., & Serretti, A. (2010). A systematic review of neurobiological and clinical features of mindfulness meditations. Psychological Medicine, 40(8), 1239–1252. doi:10.1017/s0033291709991747.

    PubMed  CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chiesa, A., Calati, R., & Serretti, A. (2011). Does mindfulness training improve cognitive abilities? A systematic review of neuropsychological findings. Clinical Psychology Review, 31(3), 449–464. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2010.11.003 [Review].

    PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Clark, D. B., & Tapert, S. F. (2008). Introduction to alcohol and adolescent brain development. Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research, 32(3), 373–374. doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2007.00600.x.

    PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Clark, D. B., Chung, T., Thatcher, D. L., Pajtek, S., & Long, E. C. (2012). Psychological dysregulation, white matter disorganization and substance use disorders in adolescence. Addiction, 107(1), 206–214. doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2011.03566.x.

    PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Colcombe, S., & Kramer, A. F. (2003). Fitness effects on the cognitive function of older adults: A meta-analytic study. Psychological Science, 14(2), 125–130. doi:10.1111/1467-9280.t01-1-01430.

    PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Colrain, I. M., Padilla, M. L., & Baker, F. C. (2012). Partial recovery of alcohol dependence-related deficits in sleep evoked potentials following 12 months of abstinence. Frontiers in Neurology, 3, 13. doi:10.3389/fneur.2012.00013.

    PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Conklin, H. M., Luciana, M., Hooper, C. J., & Yarger, R. S. (2007). Working memory performance in typically developing children and adolescents: Behavioral evidence of protracted frontal lobe development. Developmental Neuropsychology, 31(1), 103–128. doi:10.1207/s15326942dn3101_6.

    PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Curlik, D. M., 2nd, & Shors, T. J. (2013). Training your brain: Do mental and physical (MAP) training enhance cognition through the process of neurogenesis in the hippocampus? Neuropharmacology, 64(1), 506–514. doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2012.07.027.

    PubMed  CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cuttler, C., McLaughlin, R. J., & Graf, P. (2012). Mechanisms underlying the link between cannabis use and prospective memory. PLoS One, 7(5), doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0036820.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cysarz, D., & Bussing, A. (2005). Cardiorespiratory synchronization during Zen meditation. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 95(1), 88–95. doi:10.1007/s00421-005-1379-3.

    PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dao-Castellana, M. H., Samson, Y., Legault, F., Martinot, J. L., Aubin, H. J., Crouzel, C., et al. (1998). Frontal dysfunction in neurologically normal chronic alcoholic subjects: Metabolic and neuropsychological findings. Psychological Medicine, 28(5), 1039–1048. doi:10.1017/s0033291798006849 [Article].

    PubMed  CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • D’Argembeau, A., Van Der Linden, M., Verbanck, P., & Noel, X. (2006). Autobiographical memory in non-amnesic alcohol-dependent patients. Psychological Medicine, 36(12), 1707–1715. doi:10.1017/s0033291706008798.

    PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

  • De Bellis, M. D., Narasimhan, A., Thatcher, D. L., Keshavan, M. S., Soloff, P., & Clark, D. B. (2005). Prefrontal cortex, thalamus, and cerebellar volumes in adolescents and young adults with adolescent-onset alcohol use disorders and comorbid mental disorders. Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research, 29(9), 1590–1600.

    PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Desmond, J. E., Chen, S. H., DeRosa, E., Pryor, M. R., Pfefferbaum, A., & Sullivan, E. V. (2003). Increased frontocerebellar activation in alcoholics during verbal working memory: An fMRI study. NeuroImage, 19(4), 1510–1520.

    PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

  • DiClemente, C. C. (2007). Mechanisms, determinants and processes of change in the modification of drinking behavior. Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research, 31(10 Suppl), 13s–20s. doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2007.00489.x.

    PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dingwall, K. M., Maruff, P., & Cairney, S. (2011). Similar profile of cognitive impairment and recovery for Aboriginal Australians in treatment for episodic or chronic alcohol use. Addiction, 106(8), 1419–1426. doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2011.03434.x.

    PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Donovan, D. M., Kivlahan, D. R., & Walker, R. D. (1984). Clinical limitations of neuropsychological testing in predicting treatment outcome among alcoholics. Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research, 8(5), 470–475.

    PubMed  CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Donovan, D. M., Kivlahan, D. R., Walker, R. D., & Umlauf, R. (1985). Derivation and validation of neuropsychological clusters among men alcoholics. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 46(3), 205–211.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Donovan, D. M., Kivlahan, D. R., Kadden, R. M., & Hill, D. (2001). Cognitive impairment as a patient-treatment matching hypothesis. In R. Longabaugh & P. W. Wirtz (Eds.), Project MATCH hypotheses: Results and causal chain analyses (Project MATCH Monograph Series, Vol. 8, pp. 62–81). Rockville: National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism.

    Google Scholar 

  • Donovan, D., Mattson, M. E., Cisler, R. A., Longabaugh, R., & Zweben, A. (2005). Quality of Life as an Outcome Measure in Alcoholism Treatment Research. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 66(Suppl15), 119–139.

    Google Scholar 

  • Duka, T., Townshend, J. M., Collier, K., & Stephens, D. N. (2003). Impairment in cognitive functions after multiple detoxifications in alcoholic inpatients. Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research, 27(10), 1563–1572. doi:10.1097/01.alc.0000090142.11260.d7.

    PubMed  CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Durazzo, T. C., Gazdzinski, S., Rothlind, J. C., Banys, P., & Meyerhoff, D. J. (2006). Brain metabolite concentrations and neurocognition during short-term recovery from alcohol dependence: Preliminary evidence of the effects of concurrent chronic cigarette smoking. Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research, 30(3), 539–551. doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2006.00060.x.

    PubMed  CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Durston, S., Hulshoff Pol, H. E., Casey, B. J., Giedd, J. N., Buitelaar, J. K., & van Engeland, H. (2001). Anatomical MRI of the developing human brain: What have we learned? Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 40(9), 1012–1020.

    PubMed  CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ellis, J. (1996). Prospective memory or the realisation of delayed intentions: A conceptual framework for research. In M. Brandimonte, G. O. Einstein, & M. A. McDaniel (Eds.), Prospective memory: Theory and applications (pp. 1–22). Hillsdale: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fama, R., Pfefferbaum, A., & Sullivan, E. V. (2004). Perceptual learning in detoxified alcoholic men: Contributions from explicit memory, executive function, and age. Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research, 28(11), 1657–1665.

    PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fein, G., & Greenstein, D. (2012). Gait and balance deficits in chronic alcoholics: No improvement from 10 weeks through 1 year abstinence. Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research. doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2012.01851.x.

  • Fein, G., & McGillivray, S. (2007). Cognitive performance in long-term abstinent elderly alcoholics. Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research, 31(11), 1788–1799. doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2007.00481.x.

    PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fein, G., Bachman, L., Fisher, S., & Davenport, L. (1990). Cognitive impairments in abstinent alcoholics. The Western Journal of Medicine, 152(5), 531–537.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fein, G., Torres, J., Price, L. J., & Di Sclafani, V. (2006). Cognitive performance in long-term abstinent alcoholic individuals. Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research, 30(9), 1538–1544.

    PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fein, G., Shimotsu, R., Di Sclafani, V., Barakos, J., & Harper, C. (2009). Increased white matter signal hyperintensities in long-term abstinent alcoholics compared with nonalcoholic controls. Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research, 33(1), 70–78. doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2008.00812.x.

    PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fernandez-Serrano, M. J., Perez-Garcia, M., & Verdejo-Garcia, A. (2011). What are the specific vs. generalized effects of drugs of abuse on neuropsychological performance? Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 35(3), 377–406. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2010.04.008.

    PubMed  CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ferrett, H. L., Carey, P. D., Thomas, K. G., Tapert, S. F., & Fein, G. (2010). Neuropsychological performance of South African treatment-naive adolescents with alcohol dependence. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 110(1–2), 8–14. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2010.01.019.

    PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fillmore, M. T., Vogel-Sprott, M., & Gavrilescu, D. (1999). Alcohol effects on intentional behavior: Dissociating controlled and automatic influences. Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, 7(4), 372–378.

    PubMed  CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Finkel, D., Pedersen, N. L., McGue, M., & McClearn, G. E. (1995). Heritability of cognitive abilities in adult twins: Comparison of Minnesota and Swedish data. Behavior Genetics, 25(5), 421–431.

    PubMed  CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fish, J., Wilson, B. A., & Manly, T. (2010). The assessment and rehabilitation of prospective memory problems in people with neurological disorders: A review. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 20(2), 161–179. doi:10.1080/09602010903126029.

    PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fitzpatrick, L. E., Jackson, M., & Crowe, S. F. (2012). Characterization of cerebellar ataxia in chronic alcoholics using the International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale (ICARS). Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research, 36(11), 1942–1951. doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2012.01821.x [Article].

    PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Forsberg, L. K., & Goldman, M. S. (1987). Experience-dependent recovery of cognitive deficits in alcoholics: Extended transfer of training. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 96(4), 345–353.

    PubMed  CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fortier, C. B., Leritz, E. C., Salat, D. H., Venne, J. R., Maksimovskiy, A. L., Williams, V., et al. (2011). Reduced cortical thickness in abstinent alcoholics and association with alcoholic behavior. Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research, 35(12), 2193–2201. doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2011.01576.x [Article].

    PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Friedman, N. P., Miyake, A., Young, S. E., Defries, J. C., Corley, R. P., & Hewitt, J. K. (2008). Individual differences in executive functions are almost entirely genetic in origin. Journal of Experimental Psychology. General, 137(2), 201–225. doi:10.1037/0096-3445.137.2.201.

    PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gazdzinski, S., Durazzo, T. C., & Meyerhoff, D. J. (2005). Temporal dynamics and determinants of whole brain tissue volume changes during recovery from alcohol dependence. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 78(3), 263–273.

    PubMed  CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gazdzinski, S., Durazzo, T. C., Yeh, P. H., Hardin, D., Banys, P., & Meyerhoff, D. J. (2008). Chronic cigarette smoking modulates injury and short-term recovery of the medial temporal lobe in alcoholics. Psychiatry Research, 162(2), 133–145. doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2007.04.003.

    PubMed  CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gazdzinski, S., Durazzo, T. C., Mon, A., Yeh, P. H., & Meyerhoff, D. J. (2010). Cerebral white matter recovery in abstinent alcoholics–a multimodality magnetic resonance study. Brain, 133(Pt 4), 1043–1053. doi:10.1093/brain/awp343.

    PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gilman, J. M., & Hommer, D. W. (2008). Modulation of brain response to emotional images by alcohol cues in alcohol-dependent patients. Addiction Biology, 13(3–4), 423–434. doi:10.1111/j.1369-1600.2008.00111.x.

    PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Godding, P. R., Fitterling, J. M., Schmitz, J. M., Seville, J. L., & Parisi, S. A. (1992). Discriminative utility of a brief cognitive status assessment with alcoholics and the impact of cognitive status on acquisition of treatment-relevant information. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 6(1), 34–40.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goldman, M. S. (1990). Experience-dependent neuropsychological recovery and the treatment of chronic alcoholism. Neuropsychology Review, 1(1), 75–101.

    PubMed  CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goldman, M. S. (1995). Recovery of cognitive functioning in alcoholics - the relationship to treatment. Alcohol Health and Research World, 19(2), 148–154.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldman, R. S., & Goldman, M. S. (1988). Experience-dependent cognitive recovery in alcoholics - a task component strategy. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 49(2), 142–148 [Article].

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goldstein, G., Haas, G. L., Shemansky, W. J., Barnett, B., & Salmon-Cox, S. (2005). Rehabilitation during alcohol detoxication in comorbid neuropsychiatric patients. Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development, 42(2), 225–234.

    PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Griffiths, A., Hill, R., Morgan, C., Rendell, P. G., Karimi, K., Wanagaratne, S., et al. (2012). Prospective memory and future event simulation in individuals with alcohol dependence. Addiction, 107(10), 1809–1816. doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2012.03941.x.

    PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Groot, Y. C. T., Wilson, B. A., Evans, J., & Watson, P. (2002). Prospective memory functioning in people with and without brain injury. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 8(5), 645–654. doi:10.1017/s1355617702801321.

    PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hanson, K. L., Cummins, K., Tapert, S. F., & Brown, S. A. (2011). Changes in neuropsychological functioning over 10 years following adolescent substance abuse treatment. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 25(1), 127–142. doi:10.1037/a0022350 [Article].

    PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harris, G. J., Jaffin, S. K., Hodge, S. M., Kennedy, D., Caviness, V. S., Marinkovic, K., et al. (2008). Frontal white matter and cingulum diffusion tensor imaging deficits in alcoholism. Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research, 32(6), 1001–1013. doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2008.00661.x.

    PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hartzler, B., Witkiewitz, K., Villarroel, N., & Donovan, D. (2011). Self-efficacy change as a mediator of associations between therapeutic bond and one-year outcomes in treatments for alcohol dependence. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 25(2), 269–278. doi:10.1037/a0022869.

    PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hassett, A. L., Radvanski, D. C., Vaschillo, E., Vaschillo, B., Sigal, L. H., Karavidas, M. K., et al. (2007). A pilot study of the efficacy of heart rate variability (HRV) biofeedback in patients with fibromyalgia. Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback, 32(1), 1–10. doi:10.1007/s10484-006-9028-0.

    PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hayes, S. M., Fortier, C. B., Levine, A., Milberg, W. P., & McGlinchey, R. (2012). Implicit memory in Korsakoff’s syndrome: A review of procedural learning and priming studies. Neuropsychology Review, 22(2), 132–153. doi:10.1007/s11065-012-9204-3.

    PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hedden, T., Park, D. C., Nisbett, R., Ji, L. J., Jing, Q., & Jiao, S. (2002). Cultural variation in verbal versus spatial neuropsychological function across the life span. Neuropsychology, 16(1), 65–73.

    PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Heffernan, T. M., & Bartholomew, J. (2006). Does excessive alcohol use in teenagers affect their everyday prospective memory? The Journal of Adolescent Health, 39(1), 138–140. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2005.10.010 [Article].

    PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Heffernan, T. M., Moss, M., & Ling, J. (2002). Subjective ratings of prospective memory deficits in chronic heavy alcohol users. Alcohol and Alcoholism, 37(3), 269–271. doi:10.1093/alcalc/37.3.269.

    PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Heffernan, T., Clark, R., Bartholomew, J., Ling, J., & Stephens, S. (2010). Does binge drinking in teenagers affect their everyday prospective memory? Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 109(1–3), 73–78. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2009.12.013 [Article].

    PubMed  CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Herting, M. M., Fair, D., & Nagel, B. J. (2011). Altered fronto-cerebellar connectivity in alcohol-naive youth with a family history of alcoholism. NeuroImage, 54(4), 2582–2589. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.10.030.

    PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Heyn, P., Abreu, B. C., & Ottenbacher, K. J. (2004). The effects of exercise training on elderly persons with cognitive impairment and dementia: A meta-analysis. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 85(10), 1694–1704.

    PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Houben, K., Wiers, R. W., & Jansen, A. (2011). Getting a grip on drinking behavior: Training working memory to reduce alcohol abuse. Psychological Science, 22(7), 968–975. doi:10.1177/0956797611412392 [Article].

    PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Johnston, L. D., O’Malley, P. M., Bachman, J. G., & Schulenberg, J. E. (2012). Monitoring the future. national survey results on drug use, 1975–2011. Volume II. College Students and Adults Ages 19–50. Ann Arbor, MI: Institute for Social Research, The University of Michigan.

  • Kalman, D., Kim, S., DiGirolamo, G., Smelson, D., & Ziedonis, D. (2010). Addressing tobacco use disorder in smokers in early remission from alcohol dependence: The case for integrating smoking cessation services in substance use disorder treatment programs. Clinical Psychology Review, 30(1), 12–24. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2009.08.009.

    PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Karavidas, M. K., Lehrer, P. M., Vaschillo, E., Vaschillo, B., Marin, H., Buyske, S., et al. (2007). Preliminary results of an open label study of heart rate variability biofeedback for the treatment of major depression. Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback, 32(1), 19–30.

    PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Keith, J. R., Puente, A. E., Malcolmson, K. L., Tartt, S., Coleman, A. E., & Marks, H. F., Jr. (2002). Assessing postoperative cognitive change after cardiopulmonary bypass surgery. Neuropsychology, 16(3), 411–421.

    PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kennedy, M. R., & Turkstra, L. (2006). Group intervention studies in the cognitive rehabilitation of individuals with traumatic brain injury: Challenges faced by researchers. Neuropsychology Review, 16(4), 151–159. doi:10.1007/s11065-006-9012-8.

    PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Keyl, C., Dambacher, M., Schneider, A., Passino, C., Wegenhorst, U., & Bernardi, L. (2000). Cardiocirculatory coupling during sinusoidal baroreceptor stimulation and fixed-frequency breathing. Clinical Science (London, England), 99(2), 113–124.

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kiluk, B. D., Nich, C., & Carroll, K. M. (2011). Relationship of cognitive function and the acquisition of coping skills in computer assisted treatment for substance use disorders. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 114(2–3), 169–176. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2010.09.019.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kopera, M., Wojnar, M., Brower, K., Glass, J., Nowosad, I., Gmaj, B., et al. (2012). Cognitive functions in abstinent alcohol-dependent patients. Alcohol, 46(7), 665–671. doi:10.1016/j.alcohol.2012.04.005.

    PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lawrence, A. J., Luty, J., Bogdan, N. A., Sahakian, B. J., & Clark, L. (2009). Problem gamblers share deficits in impulsive decision-making with alcohol-dependent individuals. Addiction, 104(6), 1006–1015. doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2009.02533.x.

    PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Le Berre, A. P., Pinon, K., Vabret, F., Pitel, A. L., Allain, P., Eustache, F., et al. (2010). Study of metamemory in patients with chronic alcoholism using a feeling-of-knowing episodic memory task. Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research, 34(11), 1888–1898. doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2010.01277.x.

    PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Le Berre, A. P., Vabret, F., Cauvin, C., Pinon, K., Allain, P., Pitel, A. L., et al. (2012). Cognitive barriers to readiness to change in alcohol-dependent patients. Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research, 36(9), 1542–1549. doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2012.01760.x.

    PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lehrer, P. M., Vaschillo, E., Vaschillo, B., Lu, S. E., Eckberg, D. L., Edelberg, R., et al. (2003). Heart rate variability biofeedback increases baroreflex gain and peak expiratory flow. Psychosomatic Medicine, 65(5), 796–805.

    PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lehrer, P. M., Vaschillo, E., Vaschillo, B., Lu, S. E., Scardella, A., Siddique, M., et al. (2004). Biofeedback treatment for asthma. Chest, 126(2), 352–361. doi:10.1378/chest.126.2.352.

    PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Leitz, J. R., Morgan, C. J. A., Bisby, J. A., Rendell, P. G., & Curran, H. V. (2009). Global impairment of prospective memory following acute alcohol. Psychopharmacology, 205(3), 379–387. doi:10.1007/s00213-009-1546-z.

    PubMed  CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lejuez, C. W., Magidson, J. F., Mitchell, S. H., Sinha, R., Stevens, M. C., & de Wit, H. (2010). Behavioral and biological indicators of impulsivity in the development of alcohol use, problems, and disorders. Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research, 34(8), 1334–1345. doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2010.01217.x.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Levine, B., Schweizer, T. A., O’Connor, C., Turner, G., Gillingham, S., Stuss, D. T., et al. (2011). Rehabilitation of executive functioning in patients with frontal lobe brain damage with goal management training. [Article]. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 5. doi:10.3389/fnhum.2011.00009.

  • Levy, B., Manove, E., & Weiss, R. D. (2012). Recovery of cognitive functioning in patients with co-occurring bipolar disorder and alcohol dependence during early remission from an acute mood episode. Annals of Clinical Psychiatry, 24(2), 143–154.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Loeber, S., Duka, T., Welzel, H., Nakovics, H., Heinz, A., Flor, H., et al. (2009). Impairment of cognitive abilities and decision making after chronic use of alcohol: The impact of multiple detoxifications. Alcohol and Alcoholism, 44(4), 372–381. doi:10.1093/alcalc/agp030.

    PubMed  CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Loeber, S., Duka, T., Welzel Marquez, H., Nakovics, H., Heinz, A., Mann, K., et al. (2010). Effects of repeated withdrawal from alcohol on recovery of cognitive impairment under abstinence and rate of relapse. Alcohol and Alcoholism, 45(6), 541–547. doi:10.1093/alcalc/agq065.

    PubMed  CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Luna, B., Padmanabhan, A., & O’Hearn, K. (2010). What has fMRI told us about the Development of Cognitive Control through Adolescence? Brain and Cognition, 72(1), 101–113. doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2009.08.005.

    PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lyu, J., & Lee, S. H. (2012). Gender differences in the link between excessive drinking and domain-specific cognitive functioning among older adults. Journal of Aging and Health, 24(8), 1380–1398. doi:10.1177/0898264312459346. Article.

    PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

  • MacKinnon, D. P., Lockwood, C. M., Hoffman, J. M., West, S. G., & Sheets, V. (2002). A comparison of methods to test mediation and other intervening variable effects. Psychological Methods, 7(1), 83–104.

    PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Makris, N., Oscar-Berman, M., Jaffin, S. K., Hodge, S. M., Kennedy, D. N., Caviness, V. S., et al. (2008). Decreased volume of the brain reward system in alcoholism. Biological Psychiatry, 64(3), 192–202. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.01.018.

    PubMed  CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Manning, V., Wanigaratne, S., Best, D., Hill, R. G., Reed, L. J., Ball, D., et al. (2008). Changes in neuropsychological functioning during alcohol detoxification. European Addiction Research, 14(4), 226–233. doi:10.1159/000156479.

    PubMed  CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marinkovic, K., Oscar-Berman, M., Urban, T., O’Reilly, C. E., Howard, J. A., Sawyer, K., et al. (2009). Alcoholism and dampened temporal limbic activation to emotional faces. Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research, 33(11), 1880–1892. doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2009.01026.x.

    PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Martin, P. R., Adinoff, B., Weingartner, H., Mukherjee, A. B., & Eckardt, M. J. (1986). Alcoholic organic brain disease: Nosology and pathophysiologic mechanisms. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry, 10(2), 147–164.

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • McCraty, R., Atkinson, M., & Tomasino, D. (2003). Impact of a workplace stress reduction program on blood pressure and emotional health in hypertensive employees. Journal of Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 9, 355–369.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Medina, K. L., McQueeny, T., Nagel, B. J., Hanson, K. L., Schweinsburg, A. D., & Tapert, S. F. (2008). Prefrontal cortex volumes in adolescents with alcohol use disorders: Unique gender effects. Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research, 32(3), 386–394. doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2007.00602.x.

    PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mon, A., Durazzo, T. C., Gazdzinski, S., & Meyerhoff, D. J. (2009). The impact of chronic cigarette smoking on recovery from cortical gray matter perfusion deficits in alcohol dependence: Longitudinal arterial spin labeling MRI. Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research, 33(8), 1314–1321. doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2009.00960.x.

    PubMed  CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mon, A., Durazzo, T. C., Gazdzinski, S., Hutchison, K. E., Pennington, D., & Meyerhoff, D. J. (2012). Brain-derived neurotrophic factor genotype is associated with brain gray and white matter tissue volumes recovery in abstinent alcohol-dependent individuals. Genes, Brain, and Behavior. doi:10.1111/j.1601-183X.2012.00854.x.

  • Monnig, M. A., Tonigan, J. S., Yeo, R. A., Thoma, R. J., & McCrady, B. S. (2012). White matter volume in alcohol use disorders: A meta-analysis. Addiction Biology. doi:10.1111/j.1369-1600.2012.00441.x.

  • Montgomery, C., Ashmore, K. V., & Jansari, A. (2011). The effects of a modest dose of alcohol on executive functioning and prospective memory. Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental, 26(3), 208–215. doi:10.hup/hup.1194.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morgenstern, J., & Bates, M. E. (1999). Effects of executive function impairment on change processes and substance use outcomes in 12-step treatment. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 60(6), 846–855.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moriyama, Y., Muramatsu, T., Kato, M., Mimura, M., & Kashima, H. (2006). Family history of alcoholism and cognitive recovery in subacute withdrawal. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 60(1), 85–89. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1819.2006.01464.x.

    PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mukamal, K. J., Kuller, L. H., Fitzpatrick, A. L., Longstreth, W. T., Jr., Mittleman, M. A., & Siscovick, D. S. (2003). Prospective study of alcohol consumption and risk of dementia in older adults. JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association, 289(11), 1405–1413.

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nagel, B. J., Schweinsburg, A. D., Phan, V., & Tapert, S. F. (2005). Reduced hippocampal volume among adolescents with alcohol use disorders without psychiatric comorbidity. Psychiatry Research, 139(3), 181–190.

    PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nixon, S. J. (1995). Assessing cognitive impairment. Alcohol Health and Research World, 19, 97–103.

    Google Scholar 

  • Noel, X., Van der Linden, M., Schmidt, N., Sferrazza, R., Hanak, C., Le Bon, O., et al. (2001). Supervisory attentional system in nonamnesic alcoholic men. Archives of General Psychiatry, 58(12), 1152–1158.

    PubMed  CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Noel, X., Bechara, A., Dan, B., Hanak, C., & Verbanck, P. (2007). Response inhibition deficit is involved in poor decision making under risk in nonamnesic individuals with alcoholism. Neuropsychology, 21(6), 778–786. doi:10.1037/0894-4105.21.6.778.

    PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Oscar-Berman, M., & Marinkovic, K. (2007). Alcohol: Effects on neurobehavioral functions and the brain. Neuropsychology Review, 17(3), 239–257. doi:10.1007/s11065-007-9038-6.

    PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Oscar-Berman, M., Shagrin, B., Evert, D. L., & Epstein, C. (1997). Impairments of brain and behavior: The neurological effects of alcohol. Alcohol Health and Research World, 21(1), 65–75.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Oscar-Berman, M., Kirkley, S. M., Gansler, D. A., & Couture, A. (2004). Comparisons of Korsakoff and non-Korsakoff alcoholics on neuropsychological tests of prefrontal brain functioning. Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research, 28(4), 667–675.

    PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Parks, M. H., Dawant, B. M., Riddle, W. R., Hartmann, S. L., Dietrich, M. S., Nickel, M. K., et al. (2002). Longitudinal brain metabolic characterization of chronic alcoholics with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research, 26(9), 1368–1380. doi:10.1097/01.alc.0000029598.07833.2d.

    PubMed  CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Parsons, O. A. (1998). Neurocognitive deficits in alcoholics and social drinkers: A continuum? Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research, 22(4), 954–961.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Parsons, O. A., & Farr, S. P. (1981). The neuropsychology of alcohol and drug use. In S. B. Filskov & T. J. Boll (Eds.), Handbook of clinical neuropsychology (pp. 320–365). New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parsons, O. A., Butters, N., & Nathan, P. E. (1987). Neuropsychology of alcoholism: Implications for diagnosis and treatment. New York: Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Passetti, F., Clark, L., Mehta, M. A., Joyce, E., & King, M. (2008). Neuropsychological predictors of clinical outcome in opiate addiction. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 94(1–3), 82–91. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2007.10.008.

    PubMed  CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Peng, C. K., Mietus, J. E., Liu, Y., Khalsa, G., Douglas, P. S., Benson, H., et al. (1999). Exaggerated heart rate oscillations during two meditation techniques. International Journal of Cardiology, 70(2), 101–107.

    PubMed  CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pfefferbaum, A., Sullivan, E. V., Mathalon, D. H., & Lim, K. O. (1997). Frontal lobe volume loss observed with magnetic resonance imaging in older chronic alcoholics. Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research, 21(3), 521–529.

    PubMed  CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pfefferbaum, A., Sullivan, E. V., Rosenbloom, M. J., Mathalon, D. H., & Lim, K. O. (1998). A controlled study of cortical gray matter and ventricular changes in alcoholic men over a 5-year interval. Archives of General Psychiatry, 55(10), 905–912.

    PubMed  CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pfefferbaum, A., Desmond, J. E., Galloway, C., Menon, V., Glover, G. H., & Sullivan, E. V. (2001). Reorganization of frontal systems used by alcoholics for spatial working memory: An fMRI study. NeuroImage, 14(1 Pt 1), 7–20.

    PubMed  CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pfefferbaum, A., Rosenbloom, M., Rohlfing, T., & Sullivan, E. V. (2009). Degradation of association and projection white matter systems in alcoholism detected with quantitative fiber tracking. Biological Psychiatry, 65(8), 680–690. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.10.039.

    PubMed  CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pitel, A. L., Beaunieux, H., Witkowski, T., Vabret, F., Guillery-Girard, B., Quinette, P., et al. (2007a). Genuine episodic memory deficits and executive dysfunctions in alcoholic subjects early in abstinence. Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research, 31(7), 1169–1178.

    PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pitel, A. L., Witkowski, T., Vabret, F., Guillery-Girard, B., Desgranges, B., Eustache, F., et al. (2007b). Effect of episodic and working memory impairments on semantic and cognitive procedural learning at alcohol treatment entry. Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research, 31(2), 238–248.

    PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Prigatano, G. P. (1987). Personality and psychosocial consequences after brain injury. In M. J. Meier, A. L. Benton, & L. Diller (Eds.), Neuropsychol rehabil (pp. 355–378). New York: Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Prigatano, G. P., Glisky, E., & Konoff, P. (1996). Cognitive rehabilitation after traumatic brain injury. In P. W. Corrigan & S. C. Yudofsky (Eds.), Cognitive rehabilitation for neuropsychiatric disorders (p. 459). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Prinsloo, G. E., Rauch, H. G. L., Lambert, M. I., Muench, F., Noakes, T. D., & Derman, W. E. (2011). The effect of short duration heart rate variability (HRV) biofeedback on cognitive performance during laboratory induced cognitive stress. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 25, 792–801.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ratti, M. T., Bo, P., Giardini, A., & Soragna, D. (2002). Chronic alcoholism and the frontal lobe: Which executive functions are impaired? Acta Neurologica Scandinavica, 105(4), 276–281. doi:10.1034/j.1600-0404.2002.0o315.x.

    PubMed  CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ray, S., & Bates, M. E. (2006). Acute alcohol effects on repetition priming and word recognition memory with equivalent memory cues. Brain and Cognition, 60(2), 118–127.

    PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ray, S., Mun, E. Y., Buckman, J. F., Udo, T., & Bates, M. E. (2012). Memory for emotional picture cues during acute alcohol intoxication. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 73(5), 718–725.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rendell, P. G., Gray, T. J., Henry, J. D., & Tolan, A. (2007). Prospective memory impairment in “ecstasy” (MDMA) users. Psychopharmacology, 194(4), 497–504. doi:10.1007/s00213-007-0859-z.

    PubMed  CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rinn, W., Desai, N., Rosenblatt, H., & Gastfriend, D. R. (2002). Addiction denial and cognitive dysfunction: A preliminary investigation. The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 14(1), 52–57.

    PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Robinson, T. E., & Berridge, K. C. (1993). The neural basis of drug craving: An incentive-sensitization theory of addiction. Brain Research. Brain Research Reviews, 18(3), 247–291.

    PubMed  CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Roehrich, L., & Goldman, M. S. (1993). Experience-dependent neuropsychological recovery and the treatment of alcoholism. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 61(5), 812–821.

    PubMed  CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rogers, B. P., Parks, M. H., Nickel, M. K., Katwal, S. B., & Martin, P. R. (2012). Reduced fronto-cerebellar functional connectivity in chronic alcoholic patients. Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research, 36(2), 294–301. doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2011.01614.x.

    PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rosenbloom, M. J., Pfefferbaum, A., & Sullivan, E. V. (2004). Recovery of short-term memory and psychomotor speed but not postural stability with long-term sobriety in alcoholic women. Neuropsychology, 18(3), 589–597. doi:10.1037/0894-4105.18.3.589.

    PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rosenbloom, M. J., Rohlfing, T., O’Reilly, A. W., Sassoon, S. A., Pfefferbaum, A., & Sullivan, E. V. (2007). Improvement in memory and static balance with abstinence in alcoholic men and women: Selective relations with change in brain structure. Psychiatry Research, 155(2), 91–102.

    PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rourke, S. B., & Loberg, T. (1996). The neurobehavioral correlates of alcoholism. In I. Grant & K. M. Adams (Eds.), Neuropsychological assessment of neuropsychiatric disorders (pp. 423–485). New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ruff, R. L. (2011). Endplate contributions to the safety factor for neuromuscular transmission. Muscle & Nerve, 44(6), 854–861. doi:10.hup/mus.22177.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rupp, C. I., Fleischhacker, W. W., Drexler, A., Hausmann, A., Hinterhuber, H., & Kurz, M. (2006). Executive function and memory in relation to olfactory deficits in alcohol-dependent patients. Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research, 30(8), 1355–1362. doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2006.00162.x.

    PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rupp, C. I., Kemmler, G., Kurz, M., Hinterhuber, H., & Fleischhacker, W. W. (2012). Cognitive remediation therapy during treatment for alcohol dependence. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 73(4), 625–634.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Salazar, A. M., Warden, D. L., Schwab, K., Spector, J., Braverman, S., Walter, J., et al. (2000). Cognitive rehabilitation for traumatic brain injury: A randomized trial. Defense and Veterans Head Injury Program (DVHIP) Study Group. Journal of the American Medical Association, 283(23), 3075–3081.

    PubMed  CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sanchez-Craig, M., & Walker, K. (1982). Teaching coping skills to chronic alcoholics in a coeducational halfway house: I. Assessment of programme effects. British Journal of Addiction, 77(1), 35–50.

    PubMed  CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sandercock, G. R. H., Bromley, P. D., & Brodie, D. A. (2005). Effects of exercise on heart rate variability: Inferences from meta-analysis. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 37(3), 433–439. doi:10.1249/01.mss.0000155388.39002.9d.

    PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sarajuuri, J. M., Kaipio, M. L., Koskinen, S. K., Niemela, M. R., Servo, A. R., & Vilkki, J. S. (2005). Outcome of a comprehensive neurorehabilitation program for patients with traumatic brain injury. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 86(12), 2296–2302. doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2005.06.018.

    PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schulte, T., Oberlin, B. G., Kareken, D. A., Marinkovic, K., Muller-Oehring, E. M., Meyerhoff, D. J., et al. (2012). How acute and chronic alcohol consumption affects brain networks: Insights from multimodal neuroimaging. Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research, 36(12), 2017–2027. doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2012.01831.x.

    PubMed  CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shors, T. J., Anderson, M. L., Curlik, D. M., II, & Nokia, M. S. (2012). Use it or lose it: How neurogenesis keeps the brain fit for learning. Behavioural Brain Research, 227(2), 450–458. doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2011.04.023.

    PubMed  CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sibley, B. A., & Etnier, J. L. (2003). The relationship between physical activity and cognition in children: A meta-analysis. Pediatric Exercise Science, 15, 243–256.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, D. E., & McCrady, B. S. (1991). Cognitive impairment among alcoholics: Impact on drink refusal skill acquisition and treatment outcome. Addictive Behaviors, 16(5), 265–274.

    PubMed  CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sorg, S. F., Taylor, M. J., Alhassoon, O. M., Gongvatana, A., Theilmann, R. J., Frank, L. R., et al. (2012). Frontal white matter integrity predictors of adult alcohol treatment outcome. Biological Psychiatry, 71(3), 262–268. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.09.022.

    PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Squeglia, L. M., Spadoni, A. D., Infante, M. A., Myers, M. G., & Tapert, S. F. (2009). Initiating moderate to heavy alcohol use predicts changes in neuropsychological functioning for adolescent girls and boys. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 23(4), 715–722. doi:10.1037/a0016516.

    PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Squeglia, L. M., Pulido, C., Wetherill, R. R., Jacobus, J., Brown, G. G., & Tapert, S. F. (2012). Brain response to working memory over three years of adolescence: Influence of initiating heavy drinking. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 73(5), 749–760.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stavro, K., Pelletier, J., & Potvin, S. (2012). Widespread and sustained cognitive deficits in alcoholism: A meta-analysis. Addiction Biology. doi:10.1111/j.1369-1600.2011.00418.x.

  • Strack, F., & Deutsch, R. (2004). Reflective and impulsive determinants of social behavior. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 8(3), 220–247. doi:10.1207/s15327957pspr0803_1.

    PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stringer, A. Y., & Goldman, M. S. (1988). Experience-dependent recovery of block design performance in male-alcoholics - strategy training versus unstructured practice. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 49(5), 406–411 [Article].

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sullivan, E. V. (2003). Compromised pontocerebellar and cerebellothalamocortical systems: Speculations on their contributions to cognitive and motor impairment in nonamnesic alcoholism. Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research, 27(9), 1409–1419.

    PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sullivan, E. V., Deshmukh, A., Desmond, J. E., Lim, K. O., & Pfefferbaum, A. (2000a). Cerebellar volume decline in normal aging, alcoholism, and Korsakoff’s syndrome: Relation to ataxia. Neuropsychology, 14(3), 341–352.

    PubMed  CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sullivan, E. V., Rosenbloom, M. J., Lim, K. O., & Pfefferbaum, A. (2000b). Longitudinal changes in cognition, gait, and balance in abstinent and relapsed alcoholic men: Relationships to changes in brain structure. Neuropsychology, 14(2), 178–188.

    PubMed  CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sullivan, E. V., Rosenbloom, M. J., & Pfefferbaum, A. (2000c). Pattern of motor and cognitive deficits in detoxified alcoholic men. Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research, 24(5), 611–621. doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2000.tb02032.x.

    PubMed  CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tapert, S. F., & Brown, S. A. (1999). Neuropsychological correlates of adolescent substance abuse: Four-year outcomes. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 5(6), 481–493.

    PubMed  CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tapert, S. F., Granholm, E., Leedy, N. G., & Brown, S. A. (2002). Substance use and withdrawal: Neuropsychological functioning over 8 years in youth. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 8(7), 873–883.

    PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Teichner, G., Horner, M. D., Roitzsch, J. C., Herron, J., & Thevos, A. (2002). Substance abuse treatment outcomes for cognitively impaired and intact outpatients. Addictive Behaviors, 27(5), 751–763.

    PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thayer, J. F., Hansen, A. L., Saus-Rose, E., & Johnsen, B. H. (2009). Heart rate variability, prefrontal neural function, and cognitive performance: The neurovisceral integration perspective on self-regulation, adaptation, and health. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 37(2), 141–153. doi:10.1007/s12160-009-9101-z.

    PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tracy, J. I., & Bates, M. E. (1999). The selective effects of alcohol on automatic and effortful memory processes. Neuropsychology, 13(2), 282–290.

    PubMed  CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • van Praag, H., Christie, B. R., Sejnowski, T. J., & Gage, F. H. (1999). Running enhances neurogenesis, learning, and long-term potentiation in mice. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 96(23), 13427–13431.

    PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wagner, F. A., & Anthony, J. C. (2002). From first drug use to drug dependence: Developmental periods of risk for dependence upon marijuana, cocaine, and alcohol. Neuropsychopharmacology, 26(4), 479–488. doi:10.1016/s0893-133x(01)00367-0.

    PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weingardt, K. R., Stacy, A. W., & Leigh, B. C. (1996). Automatic activation of alcohol concepts in response to positive outcomes of alcohol use. Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research, 20(1), 25–30.

    PubMed  CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weinstein, C. S., & Shaffer, H. J. (1993). Neurocognitive aspects of substance abuse treatment: A psychotherapist’s primer. Psychotherapy, 30, 317–333.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wells, R., Outhred, T., Heathers, J. A., Quintana, D. S., & Kemp, A. H. (2012). Matter over mind: A randomised-controlled trial of single-session biofeedback training on performance anxiety and heart rate variability in musicians. PLoS One, 7(10), e46597. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0046597.

    PubMed  CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wiers, R. W., Rinck, M., Kordts, R., Houben, K., & Strack, F. (2010). Retraining automatic action-tendencies to approach alcohol in hazardous drinkers. Addiction, 105(2), 279–287. doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2009.02775.x [Article].

    PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wiers, R. W., Eberl, C., Rinck, M., Becker, E. S., & Lindenmeyer, J. (2011a). Retraining automatic action tendencies changes alcoholic patients’ approach bias for alcohol and improves treatment outcome. Psychological Science, 22(4), 490–497 [Randomized Controlled Trial Research Support, Non-U S Gov’t].

    PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wiers, R. W., Eberl, C., Rinck, M., Becker, E. S., & Lindenmeyer, J. (2011b). Retraining automatic action tendencies changes alcoholic Patients’ approach bias for alcohol and improves treatment outcome. Psychological Science, 22(4), 490–497. doi:10.1177/0956797611400615 [Article].

    PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, K., Halsey, A., Macpherson, H., Billington, J., Hill, S., Johnson, G., et al. (2012). The psycho-social rehabilitation of patients with alcohol-related brain damage in the community. Alcohol and Alcoholism, 47(3), 304–311. doi:10.1093/alcalc/agr167.

    PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Windhorst, U. (2007). Muscle proprioceptive feedback and spinal networks. Brain Research Bulletin, 73(4–6), 155–202. doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2007.03.010.

    PubMed  CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wobrock, T., Falkai, P., Schneider-Axmann, T., Frommann, N., Wolwer, W., & Gaebel, W. (2009). Effects of abstinence on brain morphology in alcoholism: A MRI study. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 259(3), 143–150. doi:10.1007/s00406-008-0846-3.

    PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wrase, J., Makris, N., Braus, D. F., Mann, K., Smolka, M. N., Kennedy, D. N., et al. (2008). Amygdala volume associated with alcohol abuse relapse and craving. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 165(9), 1179–1184. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2008.07121877 [Article].

    PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Xu, G., Liu, X., Yin, Q., Zhu, W., Zhang, R., & Fan, X. (2009). Alcohol consumption and transition of mild cognitive impairment to dementia. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 63(1), 43–49. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1819.2008.01904.x.

    PubMed  CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ylvisaker, M., & Feeney, T. J. (1998). Collaborative brain injury intervention: Positive everyday routines. San Diego: Singular Publishing Group, Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zgierska, A., Rabago, D., Chawla, N., Kushner, K., Koehler, R., & Marlatt, A. (2009). Mindfulness meditation for substance Use disorders: A systematic review. Substance Abuse, 30(4), 266–294. doi:10.1080/08897070903250019.

    PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zinn, S., Stein, R., & Swartzwelder, H. S. (2004). Executive functioning early in abstinence from alcohol. Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research, 28(9), 1338–1346.

    PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zoellig, J., West, R., Martina, M., Altgassen, M., Lemke, U., & Kliegel, M. (2007). Neural correlates of prospective memory across the lifespan. Neuropsychologia, 45(14), 3299–3314. doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2007.06.010.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zucker, T. L., Samuelson, K. W., Muench, F., Greenberg, M. A., & Gevirtz, R. N. (2009). The effects of respiratory sinus arrhythmia biofeedback on heart rate variability and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms: A pilot study. Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback, 34(2), 135–143. doi:10.1007/s10484-009-9085-2.

    PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This review was supported in part by the National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism through HHSN275201000003C, R01 AA015248, ARRA Administrative Supplement to R01 AA015248, K02 AA00325, and K01 AA017473.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center of Alcohol Studies, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 607 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854-8001, USA

    Marsha E. Bates, Jennifer F. Buckman & Tam T. Nguyen

Authors
  1. Marsha E. Bates
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Jennifer F. Buckman
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Tam T. Nguyen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Marsha E. Bates.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and Permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Bates, M.E., Buckman, J.F. & Nguyen, T.T. A Role for Cognitive Rehabilitation in Increasing the Effectiveness of Treatment for Alcohol Use Disorders. Neuropsychol Rev 23, 27–47 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11065-013-9228-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11065-013-9228-3

Keywords

  • Alcoholism
  • Cognitive impairment
  • Brain damage
  • Cognitive recovery
  • Cognitive enhancement
  • Cognitive training