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Self-Report Measures to Identify Post Traumatic Stress Disorder and/or Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and Associated Symptoms in Military Veterans of Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF)/Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF)

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Abstract

Individuals serving in Iraq and Afghanistan sustain injuries associated with physical and psychological trauma. Among such injuries, mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are common. Self-report measures are frequently used to identify mTBI and/or PTSD and symptoms associated with these conditions. In addition to providing information regarding mTBI and PTSD, the goal of this literature review was to identify and present information on the psychometric properties of measures used to obtain information regarding these common conditions among Veterans who have returned from Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF)/Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF). A comprehensive review of studies in which self-report measures were used to evaluate mTBI, PTSD, and associated symptoms among OEF/OIF Veterans is presented. Findings suggest that additional work is needed to identify psychometrically sound and clinically useful self-report measures that assess mTBI and PTSD and associated symptoms among OEF/OIF Veterans.

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Abbreviations

mTBI:

Mild traumatic brain injury

PTSD:

Post traumatic stress disorder

OEF:

Operation Enduring Freedom

OIF:

Operation Iraqi freedom

TBI:

Traumatic brain injury

AOC:

Alteration in consciousness

LOC:

Loss of consciousness

PTA:

Post-traumatic amnesia

MOS:

Military occupation specialty

PC:

Post-concussive

PCS:

Post concussive syndrome

ICD-10:

International classification of diseases (10th edition)

DSM-IV:

Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th edition)

DSM-IV TR:

Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th edition), text revision

PCL:

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist

BTBIS:

Brief Traumatic Brain Injury Screen

TSI:

Trauma Symptom Inventory

NSI:

Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory

PILOTS:

Published International Literature On Traumatic Stress

MeSH:

Medical Subject Headings

CAPS:

Clinician Administered PTSD Scale

OSU TBI-ID:

Ohio State University Traumatic Brain Injury Identification

PCL-C:

PTSD Checklist-Civilian

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Veterans Integrated Service Network 19, Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, 1055 Clermont Street, Denver, CO, 80220, USA

    Lisa M. Betthauser, Nazanin Bahraini & Lisa A. Brenner

  2. Department of Psychology, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO, USA

    Lisa M. Betthauser

  3. Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado, Denver, School of Medicine, Denver, CO, USA

    Nazanin Bahraini & Lisa A. Brenner

  4. VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA

    Maxine H. Krengel

  5. Department of Neurology, Boston University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA

    Maxine H. Krengel

  6. Department of Neurology, University of Colorado, Denver, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA

    Lisa A. Brenner

  7. Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Colorado, Denver, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA

    Lisa A. Brenner

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Betthauser, L.M., Bahraini, N., Krengel, M.H. et al. Self-Report Measures to Identify Post Traumatic Stress Disorder and/or Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and Associated Symptoms in Military Veterans of Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF)/Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF). Neuropsychol Rev 22, 35–53 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11065-012-9191-4

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