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Functional Annotation of Genes Differentially Expressed Between Primary Motor and Prefrontal Association Cortices of Macaque Brain

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Abstract

DNA microarray-based genome-wide transcriptional profiling and gene network analyses were used to characterize the molecular underpinnings of the neocortical organization in rhesus macaque, with particular focus on the differences in the functional annotation of genes in the primary motor cortex (M1) and the prefrontal association cortex (area 46 of Brodmann). Functional annotation of the differentially expressed genes showed that the list of genes selectively expressed in M1 was enriched with genes involved in oligodendrocyte function, and energy consumption. The annotation appears to have successfully extracted the characteristics of the molecular structure of M1.

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Acknowledgments

We are grateful to Ms. Mami Kishima (RIKEN OSC) for her technical advice. This study was supported by Core Research for Evolutionary Science and Technology (CREST) of Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Research Equipment Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 431-3192, Japan

    Toshio Kojima

  2. Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan

    Toshio Kojima, Noriyuki Higo, Akira Sato, Takao Oishi, Yukio Nishimura, Tatsuya Yamamoto, Kimika Yoshino-Saito, Hirotaka Onoe & Tadashi Isa

  3. Computational Systems Biology Research Group, Advanced Science Institute, RIKEN, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan

    Toshio Kojima & Akira Sato

  4. Neuroscience Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8568, Japan

    Noriyuki Higo, Tatsuya Yamamoto, Yumi Murata & Kimika Yoshino-Saito

  5. Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan

    Noriyuki Higo & Yukio Nishimura

  6. Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Kanrin, Inuyama, Aichi, 484-8506, Japan

    Takao Oishi

  7. Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Science, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8574, Japan

    Tatsuya Yamamoto

  8. Department of Developmental Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences (NIPS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan

    Yukio Nishimura, Kimika Yoshino-Saito & Tadashi Isa

  9. Functional Probe Research Laboratory, Center for Molecular Imaging Science, RIKEN, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan

    Hirotaka Onoe

  10. School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Hayama, Kanagawa, 240-0193, Japan

    Tadashi Isa

Authors
  1. Toshio Kojima
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  2. Noriyuki Higo
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  3. Akira Sato
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  7. Yumi Murata
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  8. Kimika Yoshino-Saito
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Toshio Kojima.

Electronic supplementary material

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11064_2012_900_MOESM1_ESM.pptx

Figure S1. Expression profiles of the M1 selectively expressed genes. Normalized intensity values of each sample are expressed as a heatmap. Gene symbols are described on the left Supplementary material 1 (PPTX 254 kb)

Figure S2. Expression profiles of the A46 selectively expressed genes. Supplementary material 2 (PPTX 142 kb)

11064_2012_900_MOESM3_ESM.pptx

Figure S3. Significant gene networks of the M1 selectively expressed genes. Networks were identified using the Ingenuity program. In each network, solid lines indicate direct interactions, dashed lines indicate indirect interactions, lines without arrowheads indicate binding, and arrows connecting 2 genes indicate directional functionality, whereby 1 gene acts on the other based on the direction of the arrow. Node shapes represent different gene families/groups: square (solid line), cytokine; square (dashed line), growth factor; rectangle (solid line), G-protein coupled receptor; rectangle (dashed line), ion channel; double circle, group or complex; triangle, kinase; diamond (vertical), enzyme; diamond (horizontal), peptidase; hexagon, translation regulator; trazoid, transporter; oval (horizontal), transcription regulator; and oval (vertical), transmembrane receptor. Proteins identified in this analysis are shaded Supplementary material 3 (PPTX 529 kb)

Figure S4 (PPTX 392 kb)

Table S1 (XLSX 15 kb)

Table S2 (XLSX 13 kb)

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Kojima, T., Higo, N., Sato, A. et al. Functional Annotation of Genes Differentially Expressed Between Primary Motor and Prefrontal Association Cortices of Macaque Brain. Neurochem Res 38, 133–140 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11064-012-0900-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11064-012-0900-4

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