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Hydrogen-Rich Saline is Cerebroprotective in a Rat Model of Deep Hypothermic Circulatory Arrest

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Abstract

Deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA) has been widely used in the operations involving the aortic arch and brain aneurysm since 1950s; but prolonged DHCA contributes significantly to neurological deficit which remains a major cause of postoperative morbidity and mortality. It has been reported that hydrogen exerts a therapeutic antioxidant activity by selectively reducing hydroxyl radical. In this study, DHCA treated rats developed a significant oxidative stress, inflammatory reaction and apoptosis. The administration of HRS resulted in a significant decrease in the brain injury, together with lower production of IL-1β, TNF-α, 8-OHdG and MDA as well as decreased activity of NOS while increased activity of SOD. The apoptotic index as well as the expressions of caspase-3 in brain tissue was significantly decreased after treatment. HRS administration significantly attenuated the severity of DHCA induced brain injury by mechanisms involving amelioration of oxidative stress, down-regulation of inflammatory factors and reduction of apoptosis.

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Abbreviations

DHCA:

Deep hypothermic circulatory arrest

8-OH-dG:

8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine

ELISA:

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

EMSA:

Electromobility Shift Analysis

HRS:

Hydrogen-rich saline

IL-1β:

Interleukin-1β

MDA:

Malondialdehyde

NF-κB:

Nuclear factor-κB

NOS:

Nitric oxide synthase

RNS:

Reactive nitrogen species

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

SIRS:

Systemic inflammatory response syndrome

SOD:

Superoxide dismutase

TNF-α:

Tumor necrosis factor-α

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported by grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30972969). We sincerely thank Dr. Geng-bao Feng and Miss Kang-li Hui for their excellent technical assistance. We also sincerely thank Dr. Bing Guan for his assistance with pathology analysis and Dr. Yi Li for language editing.

Conflict of interest

All authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Clinical Medicine School of Nanjing University, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002, People’s Republic of China

    Li Shen, Jun Wang, Kun Liu, Chunzhang Wang, Changtian Wang, Haiwei Wu & Hua Jing

  2. Department of Diving Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People’s Republic of China

    Qiang Sun & Xuejun Sun

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  1. Li Shen
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  2. Jun Wang
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Correspondence to Xuejun Sun or Hua Jing.

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Shen, L., Wang, J., Liu, K. et al. Hydrogen-Rich Saline is Cerebroprotective in a Rat Model of Deep Hypothermic Circulatory Arrest. Neurochem Res 36, 1501–1511 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11064-011-0476-4

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