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Perivascular invasion of primary human glioblastoma cells in organotypic human brain slices: human cells migrating in human brain

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Abstract

Introduction

Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive primary brain cancer. Lack of effective therapy is related to its highly invasive nature. GBM invasion has been studied with reductionist systems that do not fully recapitulate the cytoarchitecture of the brain. We describe a human-derived brain organotypic model to study the migratory properties of GBM IDH-wild type ex vivo.

Methods

Non-tumor brain samples were obtained from patients undergoing surgery (n = 7). Organotypic brain slices were prepared, and green fluorescent protein (GFP)-labeled primary human GBM IDH-wild type cells (GBM276, GBM612, GBM965) were placed on the organotypic slice. Migration was evaluated via microscopy and immunohistochemistry.

Results

After placement, cells migrated towards blood vessels; initially migrating with limited directionality, sending processes in different directions, and increasing their speed upon contact with the vessel. Once merged, migration speed decreased and continued to decrease with time (p < 0.001). After perivascular localization, migration is limited along the blood vessels in both directions. The percentage of cells that contact blood vessels and then continue to migrate along the vessel was 92.5% (− 3.9/ + 2.9)% while the percentage of cells that migrate along the blood vessel and leave was 7.5% (− 2.9/ + 3.9) (95% CI, Clopper-Pearson (exact); n = 256 cells from six organotypic cultures); these percentages are significantly different from the random (50%) null hypothesis (z = 13.6; p < 10–7). Further, cells increase their speed in response to a decrease in oxygen tension from atmospheric normoxia (20% O2) to anoxia (1% O2) (p = 0.033).

Conclusion

Human organotypic models can accurately study cell migration ex vivo. GBM IDH-wild type cells migrate toward the perivascular space in blood vessels and their migratory parameters change once they contact vascular structures and under hypoxic conditions. This model allows the evaluation of GBM invasion, considering the human brain microenvironment when cells are removed from their native niche after surgery.

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Funding

AQH was supported by the following: (i) Mayo Clinic Clinician Investigator award; (ii) State of Florida Department of Health Endowed Cancer Chair; (iii) William J. and Charles H. Mayo Professor; (iv) Monica Flynn Jacoby Endowed Chair.

Author information

Author notes

  1. Rea Ravin, Paola Suarez-Meade, Joshua Zimmerberg and Alfredo Quiñones-Hinojosa have contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Celoptics. Inc, Rockville, MD, USA

    Rea Ravin

  2. Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA

    Paola Suarez-Meade, Tito Vivas-Buitrago, Emily S. Norton, Steve Graepel, Kaisorn L. Chaichana, Hugo Guerrero-Cazares & Alfredo Quiñones-Hinojosa

  3. Section On Integrative Biophysics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA

    Brad Busse, Paul S. Blank, Ludmila Bezrukov & Joshua Zimmerberg

  4. Neuroscience Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Jacksonville, USA

    Emily S. Norton

  5. Regenerative Sciences Training Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Jacksonville, USA

    Emily S. Norton

  6. Brain Tumor Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Neurologic Surgery Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Rd S, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA

    Alfredo Quiñones-Hinojosa

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Contributions

Conception and Design: RR, HGC, JZ, AQH. Data Collection: RR, PSM, HGC, BB, PSB, SG, KLC, LB, JZ, AQH. Analysis and Interpretation: RR, PSM, HGC, BB, PSB, ESN, TVB, LB, JZ, AQH. Manuscript Writing: RR, PSM, HGC. Manuscript Revision: RR, PSM, HGC, BB, ESN, KLC, PSB, JZ, AQH. All authors approved the final version of this manuscript.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Joshua Zimmerberg or Alfredo Quiñones-Hinojosa.

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Ravin, R., Suarez-Meade, P., Busse, B. et al. Perivascular invasion of primary human glioblastoma cells in organotypic human brain slices: human cells migrating in human brain. J Neurooncol 164, 43–54 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11060-023-04349-9

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