Abstract
Introduction
IDH1 mutation has been identified as an early genetic event driving low grade gliomas (LGGs) and it has been proven to exerts a powerful epigenetic effect. Cells containing IDH1 mutation are refractory to epigenetical reprogramming to iPSC induced by expression of Yamanaka transcription factors, a feature that we employed to study early genetic amplifications or deletions in gliomagenesis.
Methods
We made iPSC clones from freshly surgically resected IDH1 mutant LGGs by forced expression of Yamanaka transcription factors. We sequenced the IDH locus and analyzed the genetic composition of multiple iPSC clones by array-based comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH).
Results
We hypothesize that the primary cell pool isolated from LGG tumor contains a heterogeneous population consisting tumor cells at various stages of tumor progression including cells with early genetic lesions if any prior to acquisition of IDH1 mutation. Because cells containing IDH1 mutation are refractory to reprogramming, we predict that iPSC clones should originate only from LGG cells without IDH1 mutation, i.e. cells prior to acquisition of IDH1 mutation. As expected, we found that none of the iPSC clones contains IDH1 mutation. Further analysis by aCGH of the iPSC clones reveals that they contain regional chromosomal amplifications which are also present in the primary LGG cells.
Conclusions
These results indicate that there exists a subpopulation of cells harboring gene amplification but without IDH1 mutation in the LGG primary cell pool. Further analysis of TCGA LGG database demonstrates that these regional chromosomal amplifications are also present in some cases of low grade gliomas indicating they are reoccurring lesions in glioma albeit at a low frequency. Taken together, these data suggest that regional chromosomal alterations may exist prior to the acquisition of IDH mutations in at least some cases of LGGs.
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Acknowledgements
This project is supported by the UAB CCC Neuro-oncology Research Acceleration Fund. X.H. and R.Z. are supported by the NIH grant R21NS106430. X.H. is supported by the NIH grant 1R01NS095626. R.Z. is supported by is supported by Institutional Research Grant number 128599-IRG-15-56-IRG from the American Cancer Society, Faculty Development Grant Program award, and UAB CFRC Pilot & Feasibility Grant (ROWE15R0). K.K. is supported by NIH (5R00HL093212-04), TriStem-Star Foundation (2013-049), Louis V. Gerstner, Jr. Young Investigators awards, Geoffrey Beene Junior Chair Award, Sidney Kimmel Scholar Award, Alfred W. Bressler Scholars Endowment Fund, and MSKCC Society Fund. This study was funded by National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (US) (Grant No. HL085324) and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (Grant No. HL127338).
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Liu, Z., Che, P., Mercado, J.J. et al. Characterization of iPSCs derived from low grade gliomas revealed early regional chromosomal amplifications during gliomagenesis. J Neurooncol 141, 289–301 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11060-018-03047-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11060-018-03047-1