Abstract
Efficacy and tolerability of levetiracetam (LEV) as perioperative seizure prophylaxis in supratentorial brain tumor patients were retrospectively studied. Between February 2007 and April 2009 in a single institution, 78 patients with primary or secondary supratentorial brain tumors [40 female, 38 male; mean age 57 years, from 27 to 89 years; gliomas in 42 patients (53.8%), brain metastases in 17 (21.8%), meningiomas in 16 (20.5%), 1 primary central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma patient, and 2 patients with radiation necrosis] received between 1,000 mg and 3,000 mg LEV perioperatively. Preoperatively, 30 patients had experienced seizures (38.5%), most commonly glioma patients (47.6%), but also meningioma patients (31.3%) or patients with brain metastases (23.5%). No more seizures occurred in patients receiving 1–3 g LEV preoperatively. Within the first week postoperatively, a single seizure occurred in two patients (2.6%). At the end of the follow-up period (mean 10.5 months, range 0–31 months), 71 of the 78 patients (91%) were seizure free and 21 (26%) patients were not taking antiepileptic drugs. We observed side-effects in five patients (6.4%), including non-tumor-associated progressive somnolence in three patients (1.5 g, 1.5 g, and 2 g LEV daily) and reactive psychosis in two patients (1 and 1.5 g LEV daily), regressing after dose reduction. Perioperative LEV in supratentorial brain tumor patients was well tolerated. Compared with the literature, it resulted in low (2.5%) seizure frequency in the early postoperative period. Additionally, its advantage of lacking cytochrome P450 enzyme induction allowed early initiation of effective postoperative chemotherapy in malignant glioma patients.
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Abbreviations
- AED:
-
Antiepileptic drug
- CBZ:
-
Carbamazepine
- CNS:
-
Central nervous system
- CYP:
-
Cytochrome P450
- EEG:
-
Electroencephalography
- FU:
-
Follow-up
- GM:
-
Grand mal
- LEV:
-
Levetiracetam
- OXC:
-
Oxcarbazepine
- PB:
-
Phenobarbital
- PHT:
-
Phenytoin
- POD:
-
Postoperative day
- VPA:
-
Valproic acid
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An erratum to this article can be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11060-010-0298-2
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Zachenhofer, I., Donat, M., Oberndorfer, S. et al. Perioperative levetiracetam for prevention of seizures in supratentorial brain tumor surgery. J Neurooncol 101, 101–106 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11060-010-0235-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11060-010-0235-4