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Soil fertility, root growth, and Eucalypt productivity in response to lime and gypsum applications under soil water deficit

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Abstract

Eucalyptus plantations in the Brazilian savanna (Cerrado) are challenged by acidic soil and water-deficit conditions. Supply of Ca and S via application of dolomitic limestone and gypsum may stimulate root development (in terms of depth) and also enhance access to water stored in the subsurface layers. Aerial and root growth, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, and S–SO42− migration, and soil profile of Eucalyptus urophylla were evaluated following dolomitic limestone and gypsum application. Five treatments were used: (i) no application of Ca2+, Mg2+, and S–SO42− sources (CONTROL); (ii) 1200 kg ha−1 of gypsum (GYP); (iii) 2000 kg ha−1 of dolomitic limestone (DOL); (iv) DOL plus 1200 kg ha−1 of gypsum (DOL + GYP); and (v) DOL plus 2400 kg ha−1 of gypsum (DOL + 2GYP). Compared with CONTROL, Gypsum and dolomitic limestone application in DOL + 2GYP increased the concentrations of Ca2+ and Mg2+ in the soil surface and of S–SO42− in the subsurface by five, four, and three times, respectively. Fertilization with gypsum alone or in combination with dolomitic limestone did not promote an increase in fine root density (FRD) in the deeper layers. Concentrations of Ca, S, and K in the leaves increased by 16–43%. Furthermore, applying limestone 49 months after planting increased E. urophylla whole wood volume and the mean annual increment (MAI) by 8%, as compared to those in the CONTROL. Thus, gypsum and dolomitic limestone positively impacted soil fertility and may be used to acclimatize Eucalyptus to water-deficit conditions.

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Funding

We would should like to thank the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES) for the scholarship awarded to the first author during the course of his PhD, and the International Paper (forest unit) for their assistance with site access and ongoing support. This research was funded by the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq; Grant 406809/2016-0), which funded current expenses and the acquisition of equipment used in field experiments and laboratory analyses, and by the International Paper (forest unit) and the Institute of Forest Research and Study (IPEF), which covered the logistical and establishment and maintenance expenses of the experiment.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Forest Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), Av. Padua Dias, 11, Piracicaba, CEP: 13.400-970, Brazil

    Yesid Alejandro Mariño Macana & José Leonardo de Moraes Gonçalves

  2. Course of Forest Engineering, Federal University of Goiás, Campus Cidade Universitária, BR 364, km 195, nº 3800, Jataí, CEP 75801-615, Brazil

    Robson Schaff Corrêa

  3. Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, Aiken, SC, 29802, USA

    Fábio Henrique Silva Floriano de Toledo

  4. Forestry Science and Research Institute (IPEF), Via Comendador Pedro Morgante, 3500, Piracicaba, CEP: 13.415-000, Brazil

    Alexandre de Vicente Ferraz

  5. Campus of Capitão Poço, Amazon Rural Federal University, Street Pau Amarelo, without number, Capitão Poço, PA, CEP: 68650-000, Brazil

    Eric Victor de Oliveira Ferreira

  6. Department of Forest Science, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Av. Antônio Falcão, Recife, PE, CEP:51.020-240, Brazil

    Rodrigo Eiji Hakamada

  7. Bracell, Rod Juliano Lorenzeti, Km 4, Lençóis Paulista, CEP: 18685-901, Brazil

    Gabriela Gonçalves Moreira

  8. Department of Silviculture, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Rod. BR 465, Km 07, Seropédica, CEP 23.890-0000, Brazil

    José Carlos Arthur Junior

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  1. Yesid Alejandro Mariño Macana
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  2. Robson Schaff Corrêa
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  3. Fábio Henrique Silva Floriano de Toledo
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  9. José Leonardo de Moraes Gonçalves
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Contributions

YAM: Conceptualization, Methodology, Investigation, Formal analysis, Visualization, Writing—Original Draft, Writing—Review & Editing, Project administration. RSC: Methodology, Visualization, Writing—Review, and Editing. FHT: Methodology, Visualization, Writing—Review, and Editing. AVF: Conceptualization, Methodology, Visualization, Writing—Review & Editing, Resources. EVF: Methodology, visualization, writing—review, and editing. REH: Methodology, Resources & Visualization, GGM: Resources & Visualization. JCA: Supervision, Conceptualization, Methodology, Visualization. JLMG: supervision, conceptualization, methodology, resources, visualization, writing–review and editing, project administration, funding acquisition.

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Correspondence to Yesid Alejandro Mariño Macana.

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Mariño Macana, Y.A., Corrêa, R.S., de Toledo, F.H.S.F. et al. Soil fertility, root growth, and Eucalypt productivity in response to lime and gypsum applications under soil water deficit. New Forests 54, 833–852 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11056-022-09943-9

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