Abstract
Pinus ponderosa P. & C. Lawson was introduced in Chile as a promising species for the diversification of the forest productivity and to optimize the soil productivity in areas where the traditional species have failed to develop satisfactorily; however, the introduction of exotic species in a new environment requires the selection of appropriate source of seeds as a first step for long-term breeding. In this study we assessed growth and survival on 30 Pinus ponderosa provenance seedlots from the Pacific and North Plateau races in the United States established in a common-garden experiment. The study included 3 seedlots from the coastal and inland regions of Washington State, 20 from Oregon, and 7 from California. Seedlings were planted in 2002 in a site characterized by high rainfall and snow. Tree height, root collar diameter, and survival were recorded, and a stem volume index calculated, at ages 1, 3, and 6 years since planting. At age 6 years, the best provenance seedlots from the Pacific race averaged 696 cm3 year−1 for stem volume index and 0.36 cm year−1 for height. The slowest-growing seedlot, of the North Plateau race, averaged 197 cm3 year−1 for volume index and 0.22 cm year−1 for height. Differences in survival were not large, ranging from 85% for a seedlot from interior Oregon to 98% for a Californian provenance. At age 6 years, the average survival across all seedlots was 91%, suggesting good adaptation of the species to the site conditions. The study suggests that provenances of the Pacific race could provide appropriate planting material for forest plantations in Southern Chile.
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Acknowledgements
We are indebted with Dr. Rowland D. Burdon (Scion New Zealand). His valuable comments greatly improved the manuscript. Special thanks to Fernando Crisosto for giving us the permissions to establish the trial in his land. We also thank Marcos Barrientos for his support in the field measurements.
Funding
We thank the Fondo de Fomento al Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico (FONDEF) Project ID D99I1086 “Desarrollo y fomento de plantaciones de pino oregón y pino ponderosa”, for supporting this investigation.
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Espinoza, S.E., Quiroz, I.A., Magni, C.R. et al. Variation in early growth and survival of Pinus ponderosa provenances established in Southern Chile. New Forests 52, 959–970 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11056-021-09833-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11056-021-09833-6