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Regeneration for resilience framework to support regeneration decisions for species with populations at risk of extirpation by white pine blister rust

New Forests volume 50, pages 89–114 (2019)Cite this article

Abstract

Natural forests are increasingly invaded by nonnative pests and pathogens that threaten host species with population extirpation and cascading ecological impacts. The regeneration for resilience (R4R) framework provides a decision structure to prioritize limited resources and utilize artificial and natural regeneration management to offer the best likelihood of success in positioning stands and landscapes to support multi-generational self-sustaining host populations in the presence of the nonnative invader by (1) increasing host population size to offset invader-caused mortality, (2) increasing the frequency of genetic resistance traits in host populations in habitats that enable their expression and durability to retard future mortality and facilitate population sustainability and recovery, and (3) maintain host genetic diversity, adaptive capacity, and population connectivity. This application is designed for conditions where the nonnative invader is expected to be a persistent threat, the host species naturally has some genetic resistance to the invasive species, and the forest host populations are integral to support valued ecosystem processes and services. The R4R framework has been developed for application in high elevation five-needle pine ecosystems of North America impacted and threatened by the nonnative pathogen Cronartium ribicola that causes the lethal disease white pine blister rust (WPBR). Several examples using the R4R framework to integrate information on current forest condition, WPBR risk or hazard, genetic resistance to WPBR, and host population dynamics and silvics to prioritize areas and design interventions are discussed. Effective management of forest regeneration dynamics can increase forest resilience and adaptive capacity to mitigate impacts of invasive species.

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Fig. 1

Adapted from Schoettle et al. (2012b)

Fig. 2

Adapted from Schoettle et al. (2009)

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Acknowledgements

We thank Kas Dumroese and John Stanturf for the invitation to prepare this manuscript for New Forests. Previous versions of this framework were presented by AWS at the Reforestation “Matters” Symposium (Portland, OR; April 2017) and the 5th International Workshop on the Genetics of Tree-Parasite Interactions (Orléans, France, August 2015) and we thank the organizers of these conferences and the discussions and feedback received from participants. We also thank three anonymous reviewers and recognize that this work has been enriched by discussions with Mike Antolin, Stu Field, Richard Sniezko, Jeff Connor, Christy Cleaver, Angelia Kegley, Betsy Goodrich, Holly Kearns, John Schwandt, Christine Holtz, Sparkle Malone, John Guyon, Gregg DeNitto, and others. Funding was provided in part by USDA Economic Research Service Program of Research on the Economics of Invasive Species Management grant PREISM-58-7000-8-0096 (Schoettle).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 240 West Prospect Rd, Fort Collins, CO, 80526, USA

    Anna W. Schoettle

  2. Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA

    William R. Jacobi

  3. School of Forestry, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011, USA

    Kristen M. Waring

  4. USDA Forest Service, Forest Health Protection, Lakewood, CO, 80401, USA

    Kelly S. Burns

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  1. Anna W. Schoettle
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  2. William R. Jacobi
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Correspondence to Anna W. Schoettle.

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Schoettle, A.W., Jacobi, W.R., Waring, K.M. et al. Regeneration for resilience framework to support regeneration decisions for species with populations at risk of extirpation by white pine blister rust. New Forests 50, 89–114 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11056-018-9679-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11056-018-9679-8

Keywords

  • Pinus albicaulis
  • Pinus flexilis
  • Pinus aristata
  • Pinus strobiformis
  • Five-needle pine
  • White pine blister rust
  • Genetic resistance
  • Natural regeneration
  • Artificial regeneration
  • Invasive species