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Stimulation of germination in dormant seeds of Juniperus polycarpos by stratification and hormone treatments

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Abstract

Dormancy in Juniperus polycarpos (K. Koch) seeds is a major hurdle for production of the desired quantity of seedlings in nurseries for restoration purpose. Thus, the aim of this study was to develop an optimal dormancy breaking treatment and subsequent stimulation of germination. The treatments applied were cold stratification at 1 °C for 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks; warm stratification at 20 °C for 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks followed by 12 weeks of cold stratification; exogenous application of 250, 500, and 1000 ppm gibberellic acid (GA3) and 6-Benzylamino purine (BAP); and a combination of 500 ppm hormones and cold stratification. The results show significant differences in germination between cold and warm-cold stratification, length of stratification and their interaction (p < 0.01). Warm stratification for 16 weeks followed by 12 weeks of cold stratification induced 72 % of the seeds to germination in 12 days compared with 16-week cold-stratification alone (42 %) and the control (8 %). Exogenous application of GA3 and BAP alone or in combination with cold stratification resulted in less than 50 % germination though significantly (p < 0.01) higher than the control. Apparently, the hormone treatments alone or in combination with cold stratification are not effective in completely breaking dormancy and stimulation of germination. The findings suggest that J. polycarpos seeds may possess intermediate simple morpho-physiological dormancy, which could be an adaptive mechanism for relatively warmer autumn temperature during seed maturation and the subsequent cold winter temperature under natural conditions.

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Acknowledgments

Authors thank Mostafa Khoshnevis and Bahram Naseri for valuable discussion. Employees of Iranian Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Centre (Golestan Province) are acknowledged for their help during seed collection. The first author was financial supported by the Iranian government scholarship program.

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Author notes

  1. Abolfazl Daneshvar

    Present address: Department of Natural Resources, Gonbad Kavoos University, Shahid Fallahi Street, P.O Box 163, Gonbad, Iran

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O Box 49, 230 53, Alnarp, Sweden

    Abolfazl Daneshvar, Mulualem Tigabu & Per Christer Odén

  2. Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Center of Golestan Province, Beheshti Ave., P.O Box 4915677555, Gorgan, Iran

    Asaddollah Karimidoost

Authors
  1. Abolfazl Daneshvar
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  2. Mulualem Tigabu
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  3. Asaddollah Karimidoost
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  4. Per Christer Odén
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Correspondence to Mulualem Tigabu.

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Daneshvar, A., Tigabu, M., Karimidoost, A. et al. Stimulation of germination in dormant seeds of Juniperus polycarpos by stratification and hormone treatments. New Forests 47, 751–761 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11056-016-9542-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11056-016-9542-8

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