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Melatonin counteracts aluminum-induced affective and cognitive disorders and oxidative damage in male wistar rats

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Abstract

Aluminum (Al) is a potentially toxic element causing many neuropathological and behavioral alterations such as affective and cognitive disorders. Recently, several studies described melatonin (MEL) as an effective antidepressant and anxiolytic substance. This study aimed to assess the effects of MEL and Al combination on affective and cognitive behavior and oxidative stress in male Wistar rats. Animals were injected intraperitoneally with saline (0.9% NaCl), MEL (4 mg/kg), Al (1 mg/kg) or MEL (4 mg/kg) + Al (1 mg/kg) for 8 weeks. After the treatment period, open-field, elevated plus maze, forced swimming test, Y-maze and Morris water maze were used to evaluate anxiety-like, depression-like behaviors, spatial learning, and memory ability. The hippocampus was taken for biochemical examination. The results revealed that MEL and Al combination exerts anxiolytic and antidepressant effects and shows a positive effect on working memory and spatial learning compared to the Al treated groups. Also, biochemical analysis showed that MEL co-administration played a neuroprotective role, increasing superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and decreasing significantly nitric oxide (NO) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels in rat hippocampus in the MEL+Al treated groups. In conclusion, MEL in combination with Al has both anxiolytic and antidepressant effects, improves cognitive behavior and biochemical dysfunction.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to express their heartfelt and deepest condolences to family and friends of Prof. Ali OUICHOU. The neuroscience family in Morocco will miss one of its significant members, and the University Ibn Tofail has lost a great academic professor, who has contributed to the growth of the neuroscience community in Morocco. May his soul rest in peace.

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  1. Laboratory of Biology and Health, Neurosciences, Neuroimmunology and Behaviour Unit, Faculty of Science, Ibn Tofail University Morocco, BP 133, 14000, Kenitra, Morocco

    Oussama Zghari, Sofia Azirar, Mouloud Lamtai, Aboubaker El Hessni, Ali Ouichou & Abdelhalem Mesfioui

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  1. Oussama Zghari
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Contributions

Oussama Zghari and Sofia Azirar performed the experiments, analyzed the data and wrote the paper. Mouloud Lamtai participated in behavioral analysis and statistical significance. Aboubaker El Hessni reviewed and provided comments on the content and interpretation of the manuscript. Ali Ouichou and Abdelhalem Mesfioui supervised the work, revised and approved the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Oussama Zghari.

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The experimental procedures were carried out in accordance with the National Institutes of Health Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals and approved by the Animal Ethics Committee (Local Institutional Research Committee).

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Zghari, O., Azirar, S., Lamtai, M. et al. Melatonin counteracts aluminum-induced affective and cognitive disorders and oxidative damage in male wistar rats. Neurosci Behav Physi 53, 917–928 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11055-023-01465-x

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