This review addresses the state of stress in relation to individual development, in particular, as a characteristic of the initial stages of the formation of new adaptations in the process of human and animal ontogeny in normal and “pathological” conditions. Arguments are given in favor of regarding stress as a process of reversible dedifferentiation, i.e., one reducing the complexity of actualized individual experience. This implies temporary regression, which decreases the contribution of systems of relatively highly differentiated, complex behavior to maintenance of the individual’s current activity, which, under certain conditions, ensures an increase in the efficiency of the formation of behavior. Phenomenologically, stress regression is described as a “return” to forms of interaction with the environment formed at previous stages of development. We review data from our own and published experiments obtained from analysis of these processes in humans and animals at the behavioral level during recording of changes in visceral and neuronal activity (spike and molecular genetic activity). This leads to the formulation of empirically substantiated conclusions regarding the mechanisms and significance of dedifferentiation (and other associated system processes) during acute stress and how the system dynamics of stress change during its chronic course, including in illness.
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Translated from Zhurnal Vysshei Nervnoi Deyatel’nosti imeni I. P. Pavlova, Vol. 72, No. 4, pp. 437–456, July–August, 2022.
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Alexandrov, Y.I., Bulava, A.I., Bakhchina, A.V. et al. Stress and Individual Development. Neurosci Behav Physi 53, 47–60 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11055-023-01390-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11055-023-01390-z