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The Role of the Sympathoadrenal System in Adaptation to Cold

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Noradrenaline released from sympathetic nerve endings and adrenaline secreted by the adrenal cortex have been shown to play roles in cold adaptation. The calorigenic effect of noradrenaline increases during acclimation. Catecholamines stimulate noncontractile thermogenesis in brown fat tissue, white fat tissue, and skeletal muscle. Adrenergic increases in cold tolerance are associated with increases in UCP expression in the tissues. The following signal pathway operates in mediating the calorigenic effect of catecholamines in prolonged cold exposure: catecholamines → β-adrenergic receptors → adenylate cyclase, cAMP → protein kinase A → p38 kinase → transcription factors → increased UCP expression. The following signal pathway operates on acute exposure to cold: catecholamines → β-adrenergic receptors → adenylate cyclase → cAMP → protein kinase A → hormone-sensitive lipase → free fatty acids → UCP → uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation. The calorigenic effect of stimulation of α1-adrenoreceptors is mediated by the following mechanism: noradrenaline → α1-adrenergic receptors → phospholipase C → inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate → [Ca2+]i → increased calorigenic effect of catecholamines.

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    L. N. Maslov & E. A. Vychuzhanova

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Translated from Rossiiskii Fiziologicheskii Zhurnal imeni I. M. Sechenova, Vol. 101, No. 2, pp. 145–162, February, 2015.

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Maslov, L.N., Vychuzhanova, E.A. The Role of the Sympathoadrenal System in Adaptation to Cold. Neurosci Behav Physi 46, 589–600 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11055-016-0283-0

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