Abstract
To investigate the characteristics of the responses of mechanical failure of coal–rock masses including their structures and karst fissures to energy conversion, the threshold characteristics of instantaneous energy conversion of coal–rock masses subjected to failure were revealed. This work took the evolution characteristics of water-bearing structures for gas outburst-prone coal–rock masses as the context for experimental research using a GCTS fluid–solid coupling triaxial servo-motor testing system. The results indicated that, under the effects of water weakening and moistening, the greater the degree of water saturation for coal specimens, the lower their peak strength, the larger the deformation experienced by coal specimens. As the water content increases, the failure characteristics of coal–rock masses tend to be simple, while the morphology characterized by small-sized cracks co-existed in the surrounding zone dominated by coalesced fissures is changed into simple coalesced fissure type, and the total crack propagation length increases accordingly. It is inferred that there is a certain correlation between the stress–strain curve of water-bearing coal specimens and the energy response characteristic curve. This finding implies that the energy conversion process of water-bearing specimens under increasing stress can be divided into four stages: the linear increases in elastic strain energy (stage I), the energy transfer and transformation (stage II), the energy transition (stage III), and the linear increases of dissipated energy (stage IV). Meanwhile, the available eigenvalue coefficient Ai is used to characterize the correlation between the aforementioned curves. Based on this result, a predictive model for the energy conversion curves of water-bearing specimens under mining-induced stress was established. The magnitude of energy erupted by coupled fluids within coal–rock masses under the driving coupled stresses including disturbance stress, hydraulic pressure, and gas pressure and potential degree of damage can then be predicted; consequently, prediction and early warning of compound dynamic disasters can be realized.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Cheng, Z. H., Pan, H., Zou, Q. L., Li, Z. H., Chen, L., Cao, J. L., Zhang, K., & Cui, Y. G. (2021). Gas flow characteristics and optimization of gas drainage borehole layout in protective coal seam mining: A case study from the Shaqu Coal Mine, Shanxi Province, China. Natural Resources Research, 30(2), 1481–1493.
De Almeida, V., Serris, E., Cameirao, A., Herri, J. M., Abadie, E., & Glenat, P. (2022). Monitoring gas hydrates under multiphase flow in a high pressure flow loop by means of an acoustic emission technology. Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering, 97, 104338.
Han, P. H., Zhang, C., He, X., Wang, X. J., & Qiao, Y. D. (2022). DEM fluid-solid coupling method for progressive failure simulation of roadways in a fault structure area with water-rich roofs. Geomechanics and Geophysics for Geo-Energy and Geo-Resources, 8(6), 194.
Huang, M. Q., Zhang, L., & Chen, S. (2020). Characteristics of Permeability changes in bituminous coal under conditions of stress variation due to repeated mining activities. Natural Resources Research, 29(3), 1687–1704.
Li, L. L., Tang, J. P., Sun, S. J., & Ding, J. H. (2019a). Experimental study of the influence of water content on energy conversion of coal and gas outburst. Natural Hazards, 97(3), 1083–1097.
Li, B. B., Li, J. H., Yang, K., Ren, C. H., Xu, J., & Zhang, M. (2019). Deformation and permeability model of coal and rock considering moisture content. Journal of China Coal Society, 44(4), 1076–1083.
Li, J. H., Li, B. B., Pan, Z. J., Wang, Z. H., Yang, K., Ren, C. H., & Xu, J. (2020). Coal permeability evolution under different water-bearing conditions. Natural Resources Research, 29(4), 2451–2465.
Li, M., & Liu, X. S. (2021). Experimental and numerical investigation of the failure mechanism and permeability evolution of sandstone based on hydro-mechanical coupling. Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering, 95, 104240.
Liang, Y. P., Ran, Q. C., Zou, Q. L., Zhang, B. C., & Hong, Y. (2022). Experimental study of mechanical behaviors and failure characteristics of coal under true triaxial cyclic loading and unloading and stress rotation. Natural Resources Research, 31(2), 971–991.
Lu, J., Yin, G. Z., Zhang, D. M., Gao, H., Li, C. B., & Li, M. H. (2020a). True triaxial strength and failure characteristics of cubic coal and sandstone under different loading paths. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 135, 104439.
Lu, J., Zhang, D. M., Huang, G., Li, X., Gao, H., & Yin, G. Z. (2020b). Effects of loading rate on the compound dynamic disaster in deep underground coal mine under true triaxial stress. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 134, 104453.
Ma, T. F., Liu, H. H., Zou, Q. L., Kong, F. J., Ran, Q. C., & Wang, P. T. (2023). Damage evolution characteristics and deterioration mechanism of mechanical properties of sandstone subjected to drying-wetting cycles. Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 23, 4591–4605.
Ouyang, Z. H., Zhang, G. H., Li, Q. W., Lai, X. P., Qin, H. Y., Zhao, X. D., & Zhou, X. X. (2020). Study on the rock burst tendentiousness of coal under different gas pressures. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 13(1), 16.
Pan, Y. S. (2016). Integrated study on compound dynamic disaster of coal-gas outburst and rockburst. Journal of China Coal Society, 41(1), 105–112.
Peng, K., Zhou, J. Q., Zou, Q. L., & Zheng, C. S. (2022). Deformation behavior of sandstones during multilevel cyclic loading and unloading under varying lower stress limits: Effect of stress amplitude and underlying mechanism. International Journal of Geomechanics, 22(5), 04022048.
Qin, B., Shi, Z. S., Hao, J. F., Ye, D. L., Liang, B., & Sun, W. J. (2022). Analysis of the space-time synergy of coal and gas co-mining. ACS Omega, 7(16), 13737–13749.
Ran, Q. C., Liang, Y. P., Zou, Q. L., Zhang, B. C., Li, R. F., Chen, Z. H., Ma, T. F., Kong, F. J., & Liu, H. (2023a). Characteristics of mining-induced fractures under inclined coal seam group multiple mining and implications for gas migration. Natural Resources Research, 32, 1481–1501.
Ran, Q. C., Liang, Y. P., Zou, Q. L., Hong, Y., Zhang, B. C., Liu, H., & Kong, F. J. (2023b). Experimental investigation on mechanical characteristics of red sandstone under graded cyclic loading and its inspirations for stability of overlying strata. Geomechanics and Geophysics for Geo-Energy and Geo-Resources, 9(1), 11.
Su, X. B., Wang, Q., Song, J. X., Chen, P. H., Yao, S., Hong, J. T., & Zhou, F. D. (2017). Experimental study of water blocking damage on coal. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 156, 654–661.
Sun, X. Y., Ran, Q. C., Liu, H., Ning, Y. H., & Ma, T. F. (2023). Characteristics of stress-displacement-fracture multi-field evolution around gas extraction borehole. Energies, 16(6), 2896.
Tang, C. J., Yao, Q. L., Chen, T., Shan, C. H., & Li, J. (2022). Effects of water content on mechanical failure behaviors of coal samples. Geomechanics and Geophysics for Geo-Energy and Geo-Resources, 8(3), 87.
Teng, T., Feng, G., Yang, J., & Yi, X. (2017). How moisture loss affects coal porosity and permeability during gas recovery in wet reservoirs? International Journal of Mining Science and Technology, 27(6), 899–906.
Wang, H. B., Li, T., Zou, Q. L., Cheng, Z. H., & Yang, Z. K. (2020). Influences of path control effects on characteristics of gas migration in a coal reservoir. Fuel, 267, 117212.
Wang, K., & Du, F. (2020). Coal-gas compound dynamic disasters in China: A review. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 133, 1–17.
Wang, H. B., Cheng, Z. H., Li, T., Chen, L., Zou, Q. L., Yang, S. L., & Cao, J. L. (2021). Evolution characteristics of a high-level asymmetric fracture-seepage community and precise coalbed methane drainage technology during mining of outburst-prone coal seam groups. Shock and Vibration, 2021(3), 1–14.
Wei, M. Y., Wang, E. Y., & Liu, X. F. (2020). Assessment of gas emission hazard associated with rockburst in coal containing methane. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 135, 257–264.
Xie, H. P., Li, L. Y., Ju, Y., Peng, R. D., & Yang, Y. M. (2011). Energy analysis for damage and catastrophic failure of rocks. Science China-Technological Sciences, 54, 199–209.
Xu, G. A., Niu, S. J., Jing, H. W., Yang, S. Q., & Wang, W. L. (2011). Experimental study of energy features of sandstone under loading and unloading. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 32(12), 3611–3617.
Xiao, F., Jiang, D. Y., Wu, F., Zou, Q. L., Chen, J., Chen, B., & Sun, Z. G. (2020). Effects of prior cyclic loading damage on failure characteristics of sandstone under true-triaxial unloading conditions. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 132, 104379.
Xue, Y., Dang, F. N., Li, R. J., Fan, L. M., Hao, Q., Mu, L., & Xia, Y. Y. (2018). Seepage-stress-damage coupled model of coal under geo-stress influence. Cmc-Computers Materials & Continua, 54(1), 43–59.
Yao, Q. L., Chen, T., Ju, M. H., Liang, S., Liu, Y. P., & Li, X. H. (2016). Effects of water intrusion on mechanical properties of and crack propagation in coal. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 49(12), 4699–4709.
Ye, C., Xie, H. P., Wu, F., & Li, C. B. (2022). Nonlinear creep properties and time-to-failure prediction of sandstone under saturated and dry conditions. Environmental Earth Sciences, 81, 545.
Yi, X., Feng, G., Teng, T., & Yan, X. (2016). Effect of gas pressure on rock burst proneness indexes and energy dissipation of coal samples. Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, 34(6), 1737–1748.
Yin, G. Z., Jiang, C. B., Xu, J., Guo, L. S., Peng, S. J., & Li, W. P. (2012). An experimental study on the effects of water content on coalbed gas permeability in ground stress fields. Transport in Porous Media, 94(1), 87–99.
Yin, G. Z., Li, X., Lu, J., & Li, M. H. (2017). Disaster-causing mechanism of compound dynamic disaster in deep mining under static and dynamic load conditions. Journal of China Coal Society, 42(9), 2316–2326.
Zang, J., Wang, K., & Zhao, Y. X. (2015). Evaluation of gas sorption-induced internal swelling in coal. Fuel, 143, 165–172.
Zhang, B. C., Sun, H. T., Liang, Y. P., Wang, K. Q., & Zou, Q. L. (2019a). Characterization and quantification of mining-induced fractures in overlying strata: Implications for coalbed methane drainage. Natural Resources Research, 29(4), 2467–2480.
Zhang, D. M., Li, S. J., Bai, X., Yang, Y. S., & Chu, Y. P. (2019b). Experimental study on mechanical properties, energy dissipation characteristics and acoustic emission parameters of compression failure of sandstone specimens containing en echelon flaws. Applied Sciences-Basel, 9(3), 596.
Zhang, W. Q., Mu, C. M., Xu, D. K., & Li, Z. Q. (2021). Energy action mechanism of coal and gas outburst induced by rockburst. Shock and Vibration, 2021, 5553914.
Zhang, B. C., Liang, Y. P., Zou, Q. L., & Ding, L. Q. (2022a). Determination of crack closure stress under constant-fatigue loading based on damage variable evolution. Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics, 121, 103526.
Zhang, T. C., Zou, Q. L., Jia, X. Q., Liu, T., Jiang, Z. B., Tian, S. X., Jiang, C. Z., & Cheng, Y. Y. (2022b). Effect of cyclic water injection on the wettability of coal with different SiO2 nanofluid treatment time. Fuel, 312, 122922.
Zhang, X., Tang, J. P., Pan, Y. S., & Yu, H. H. (2022c). Experimental study on intensity and energy evolution of deep coal and gas outburst. Fuel, 324, 124484.
Zou, Q. L., Zhang, T. C., Ma, T. F., Tian, S. X., Jia, X. Q., & Jiang, Z. B. (2022a). Effect of water-based SiO2 nanofluid on surface wettability of raw coal. Energy, 254, 124228.
Zou, Q. L., Chen, Z. H., Cheng, Z. H., Liang, Y. P., Xu, W. J., Wen, P. R., Zhang, B. C., Liu, H., & Kong, F. J. (2022b). Evaluation and intelligent deployment of coal and coalbed methane coupling coordinated exploitation based on Bayesian network and cuckoo search. International Journal of Mining Science and Technology, 32(6), 1315–1328.
Zou, Q. L., Huo, Z. X., Zhang, T. C., Jiang, C. Z., & Liang, J. Y. (2023). Surface deposition characteristics of water-based SiO2 nanofluids on coal. Fuel, 340, 127489.
Acknowledgments
This work is financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52074120 and 51674016), which are gratefully acknowledged.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Ethics declarations
Conflict of Interest
The authors have no financial or proprietary interests in any material discussed in this article.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Wang, H., Li, T., Cheng, Z. et al. Mechanical Response Characteristics and Law of Instantaneous Energy Conversion for Water-Bearing Coal–Rock Masses Subjected to Mining-Induced Stress. Nat Resour Res 32, 2257–2271 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11053-023-10221-4
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11053-023-10221-4