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Characteristics and Governing Factors of Pore Structure and Methane Sorption in Deep-Marine Shales: A Case Study of the Wufeng–Longmaxi Formations, Weirong Shale Gas Field, Sichuan Basin

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Abstract

Despite being closely relevant to resource assessment and exploitation, pore structures and methane storage behaviors of deep-marine shales remain poorly understood. In this work, systematic experimental characterization of pore structures and sorption in deep shales in the Wufeng–Longmaxi Formations was conducted. The pore structures were characterized intuitively and quantitatively by a combination of various experiments. High-pressure methane adsorption experiments were conducted at 110 °C and pressures up to 30 MPa. The governing factors of pore structures and sorption in deep shales were clarified. A novel method was proposed to quantify absolute adsorption and free gas contents at in situ deep shale conditions. In this method, absolute adsorption content is predicted by the fitted Langmuir volume and Langmuir pressure, and the free gas content is determined by the bulk gas density and the corrected void volume, taking into account the adsorbed phase volume and gas saturation. New insights on discrepancies between deep shales and shallow shales were discussed. The lower section of the Longmaxi Formation is proposed as the geological and engineering sweet spot. Compared with shallow shales, deep shales possess higher contents of micropores from organic matters and lower contents of macropores from clay minerals. Absolute adsorption does not reach the maximum at in situ deep shale conditions, and the proportion of adsorbed gas in deep shales is smaller than that in shallow shales. Total organic carbon (TOC) content is the primary controlling factor on pore structure and sorption capacity in deep shales. An increase in TOC content can lead to an increase in micropore and mesopore content and thus an increase in the absolute adsorption proportion in deep shales. The effect of clay minerals on gas sorption in deep shales is less pronounced in contrast to shallow shales. These findings facilitate the accurate reserve evaluation of deep shale gas and can guide the theoretical investigations on gas production mechanisms in deep shale gas reservoirs.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 52204031, 41972137, and 42002157), the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province (Grant No. 2023NSFSC0947), and the Open Fund (Grant No. PLC20210303) of State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation (Chengdu University of Technology).

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  1. Sinopec Southwest Branch Company, Chengdu, 610016, China

    Tonglou Guo

  2. State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation (CDUT), Chengdu, 610059, China

    Xianghao Meng, Mingming Liu & Liang Huang

  3. Engineering Technology Institute Sinopec Southwest Petroleum Branch, Deyang, 618000, China

    Wei Lei

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Guo, T., Meng, X., Lei, W. et al. Characteristics and Governing Factors of Pore Structure and Methane Sorption in Deep-Marine Shales: A Case Study of the Wufeng–Longmaxi Formations, Weirong Shale Gas Field, Sichuan Basin. Nat Resour Res 32, 1733–1759 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11053-023-10215-2

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