Abstract
Achieving the coordinated development of mineral exploitation and the water environment (the mine–water system, MWS) is an urgent difficulty in the construction of China’s ecological civilization. Based on the theory of synergy, a synergetic model was used to construct a network of the MWS, and then, social network analysis was applied to study the network characteristics for ten provinces of the Yangtze River Economic Belt. The research results show that the natural water system has always been at the center of the MWS, and water conservancy construction is particularly critical. However, the synergistic effect is not strong between the water environmental stress system and other systems, and as a result, the water environment is under great pressure. Among the crucial factors, the discharge of wastewater and solid waste is at the core of the network and directly affects the coordinated development trend of the MWS. However, the sustainable development of the water environment is better achieved by the treatment of solid waste than by the control of wastewater discharge. Generally, the synergistic relationship based on the natural water system is very important. At the same time, the core role of the water environmental protection system should be strengthened by adjusting sequence parameters to promote the overall coordinated development of the MWS.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bansah, K. J., Dumakor-Dupey, N. K., Kansake, B. A., Assan, E., & Bekui, P. (2018). Socioeconomic and environmental assessment of informal artisanal and small-scale mining in Ghana. Journal of Cleaner Production, 202, 465–475.
Boularbah, A., Schwartz, C., Bitton, G., & Morel, J. L. (2006). Heavy metal contamination from mining sites in South Morocco: Use of a biotest to assess metal toxicity of tailings and soils. Chemosphere, 63(5), 802–810.
Carmo, F. F. D., Kamino, L. H. Y., Junior, R. T., Campos, I. C. D., Carmo, F. F. D., Silvino, G., et al. (2017). Fundão tailings dam failures: the environment tragedy of the largest technological disaster of Brazilian mining in global context. Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation, 15(3), 145–151.
Chen, F., Yao, Q., & Tian, J. (2016). Review of ecological restoration technology for mine tailings in China. Engineering Review, 36(2), 115–121.
Cheng, J. H., & Peng, X. J. (2019). Influence of mineral resources development on ecological environment in Yangtze River economic belt and its countermeasures. Journal of Environmental Economics, 4(02), 125–134.
Chen, Y. L., & Xu, C. Q. (2017). The influence of mineral resources exploitation on hydrogeology and environmental geology in Jilin Province. Environment and Sustainable Development, 42(02), 185–186.
CSYE. (2016). China statistical yearbook on environment. China Statistical Publishing House, Beijing 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015.
Ding, N., Lu, X. H., Yang, J. X., & Lu, B. (2016). Water footprint of coal production. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 36(11), 4228–4233.
Dong, L. J., Tong, X. J., Li, X. B., Zhou, J., Wang, S. F., & Liu, B. (2019). Some developments and new insights of environmental problems and deep mining strategy for cleaner production in mines. Journal of Cleaner Production, 210, 1562–1578.
Duan, C. C., & Chen, B. (2017). Energy-water nexus of international energy trade of China. Applied Energy, 194, 725–734.
Gao, L., Bryan, B. A., Liu, J., Li, W. G., Chen, Y., Liu, R., et al. (2017). Managing too little and too much water: Robust mine–water management strategies under variable climate and mine conditions. Journal of Cleaner Production, 162, 1009–1102.
Ge, R. F., Xe, K. P., Chi, Y. Y., Wang, J. J., Zhang, L. X., Zhang, X., et al. (2017). Eco-environmental impact of mineral resources exploitation in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region. Chinese Journal of Environmental Management, 9(03), 46–51.
Gleick, P. H. (1994). Water and energy. Annual Review of Energy and the Environment, 19(1), 267–299.
Gorman, M. R., & Dzombak, D. A. (2018). A review of sustainable mining and resource management: Transitioning from the life cycle of the mine to the life cycle of the mineral. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 137, 281–291.
Grecu, E., Aceleanu, M. L., & Albulescu, C. T. (2018). The economic, social and environmental impact of shale gas exploitation in Romania: A cost-benefit analysis. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 93, 691–700.
Gu, D. Z. (2014). Water resource protection and utilization engineering technology of coal mining in “Energy Golden Triangle” region. Coal Engineering, 46(10), 34–37.
Hao, Y. H., Zhu, Y. E., Zhao, Y., Wang, W., Du, X., & Yeh, T.-C. J. (2009). The role of climate and human influences in the dry-up of the jinci springs, China. Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 45(5), 1228–1237.
Herrera, P., Uchiyama, H., Igarashi, T., Asakura, K., Ochi, Y., Iyatomi, N., et al. (2007). Treatment of acid mine drainage through a ferrite formation process in central Hokkaido, Japan: Evaluation of dissolved silica and aluminium interference in ferrite formation. Minerals Engineering, 20(13), 1255–1260.
IEA. (2018). World energy outlook 2018.
Kinnaman, T. C. (2011). The economic impact of shale gas extraction: A review of existing studies. Ecological Economics, 70(7), 1243–1249.
Kunz, N. C., Moran, C. J., & Kastelle, T. (2013). Implementing an integrated approach to water management by matching problem complexity with management responses: A case study of a mine site water committee. Journal of Cleaner Production, 52, 362–373.
Leppänen, J. J., Weckström, J., & Korhola, A. (2017). Multiple mining impacts induce widespread changes in ecosystem dynamics in a boreal lake. Scientific Reports, 7(1), 10581.
Li, C. M., & Nie, R. (2017). An evaluating system for scientific mining of China’s coal resources. Resources Policy, 53, 317–327.
Lim, H.-S., Lee, J.-S., Chon, H.-T., & Sager, M. (2008). Heavy metal contamination and health risk assessment in the vicinity of the abandoned Songcheon Au–Ag mine in Korea. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 96(2–3), 223–230.
Liu, J. (2014). Lectures on whole network approach: A practical guide to UCINET (2nd ed.). Shanghai: Gezhi Press.
Liu, Y. L., Gong, B., & Liu, X. G. (2017). An appraise of wastewater treatment efficiency in China mineral industries based on DEA models with undesirable outputs. Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering, 11(04), 2073–2078.
Liu, Y. B., Li, R. D., & Song, X. F. (2005). Analysis of coupling degrees of urbanization ecological environment in China. Jounal of Natural Resource, 20(01), 105–112.
Liu, E. J., Zhang, X. P., Zhang, J. J., Lei, Y. N., & Xie, M. L. (2013). Variation of annual streamflow and the effect of human activity in the Kuye river during 1956 to 2005. Journal of Natural Resources, 28(07), 1159–1168.
LPSDP. (2008). Water management. Leading practice sustainable development program (LPSDP) for the mining industry (p. 112). Canberra: Australian Government.
Luo, J. D. (2005). Social network analysis. Beijing: Social Sciences Academic Press.
Lv, X., Wang, S. M., Yang, Z. Y., Bian, H. Y., & Liu, Y. (2014). Influence of coal mining on water resources: A case study in Kuye river basin. Coal Geology & Exploration, 42(02), 54–57, 61.
Ma, H., Cao, X., & Yu, L. X. (2019). Synergy degree of innovation network of emerging technology industry in central China. Economic Geography, 39(9), 164–173.
Northey, S. A., Mudd, G. M., Elina, S., Helena, W.-J., & Haque, N. (2016). Water footprinting and mining: Where are the limitations and opportunities? Journal of Cleaner Production, 135, 1098–1116.
Olias, M., Canovas, C. R., Basallote, M. D., Macias, F., Perez-Lopez, R., Gonzalez, R. M., et al. (2019). Causes and impacts of a mine water spill from an acidic pit lake (Iberian Pyrite Belt). Environmental Pollution, 250, 127–136.
Ouyang, H., & Yang, G. (2019). Measurement method of regional synergetic development based on haken model. Statistics & Decision. https://doi.org/10.13546/j.cnki.tjyjc.2019.12.002.
Pi, Q., Cheng, J. H., Wang, X. L., & Wang, R. (2015). Assessment and measurement of water resources carrying capacity in key mining economic zone. Resource Development & Market, 31(11), 1338–1342.
Ren, J. X. (2008). Development situation and strategy design in coalmining-based cities a case study in Shuozhou city. Resources Science, 30(02), 169–176.
Romer, R. (2014). Can integrated water resource management be of value to business, specifically the oil and gas sector? International Journal of Water Resources Development, 30(3), 423–432.
Saharan, M. R., Gupta, K. K., Jamal, A., & Sheoran, A. S. (1995). Management of acidic effluents from tailing dams in metalliferous mines. Mine Water and the Environment, 14(7), 85–94.
Schoenberger, E. (2016). Environmentally sustainable mining: The case of tailings storage facilities. Resources Policy, 49, 119–128.
Scott, J. (2013). Social network analysis: A handbook. London: Sage Publication.
Shang, Y. Z., Hei, P. F., Lu, S. B., Shang, L., Li, X. F., Wei, Y. P., et al. (2018). China’s energy-water nexus: Assessing water conservation synergies of the total coal consumption cap strategy until 2050. Applied Energy, 210, 643–660.
Skierszkan, E. K., Mayer, K. U., Weis, D., & Beckie, R. D. (2016). Molybdenum and zinc stable isotope variation in mining waste rock drainage and waste rock at the Antamina mine, Peru. Science of the Total Environment, 550, 103–113.
Sophie, T., Nicolas, M., & Tehtena, M. T. (2018). A comparative overview of legal frameworks governing water use and waste water discharge in the mining sector. Resources Policy, 55, 143–151.
Tomiyama, S., Igarashi, T., Tabelin, C. B., Tangviroon, P., & Ii, H. (2019). Acid mine drainage sources and hydrogeochemistry at the Yatani mine, Yamagata, Japan: A geochemical and isotopic study. Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, 225, 103502.
TSM. (2016). Towards sustainable mining (TSM). Ottawa: The Mining Association of Canada.
Wang, C., Harbottle, D., Liu, Q. X., & Xu, Z. H. (2014). Current state of fine mineral tailings treatment: A critical review on theory and practice. Minerals Engineering, 58, 113–131.
Wang, S. R., Meng, W., Jin, X. C., Zheng, B. H., Zhang, L., & Xi, H. Y. (2015). Ecological security problems of the major key lakes in China. Environmental Earth Sciences, 74(5), 3825–3837.
Werner, T. T., Bebbington, A., & Gregory, G. (2019). Assessing impacts of mining: Recent contributions from GIS and remote sensing. The Extractive Industries and Society, 6(3), 993–1012.
Wessman, H., Salmi, O., Kohl, J., Kinnunen, P., Saarivuori, E., & Mroueh, U.-M. (2014). Water and society: Mutual challenges for eco-efficient and socially acceptable mining in Finland. Journal of Cleaner Production, 84, 289–298.
Xu, X. H., & Cao, J. (2012). Risk evaluation for complex ecological environment of large-scale hydropower engineering. Systems Engineering-Theory & Practice, 32(10), 2237–2246.
Yang, Y. G., Guo, T. T., & Jiao, W. T. (2018). Destruction processes of mining on water environment in the mining area combining isotopic and hydrochemical tracer. Environmental Pollution, 237, 356–365.
Yu, Y. D., Chen, D. J., Zhu, B., & Hu, S. Y. (2013). Eco-efficiency trends in China, 1978–2010: Decoupling environmental pressure from economic growth. Ecological Indicators, 24, 177–184.
Yu, F., Guo, X. M., & Zhang, Q. (2004). Wastewater pollution situation and countermeasures for Chinese mineral industry. Resources Science, 26(02), 46–53.
Yu, J., Zhang, Z. J., & Zhou, Y. F. (2008). The sustainability of China’s major mining cities. Resources Policy, 33(1), 12–22.
Zeng, L. J., Wang, B. C., Fan, L., & Wu, J. G. (2016). Analyzing sustainability of Chinese mining cities using an association rule mining approach. Resources Policy, 49, 394–404.
Zeng, G., Wang, F. L., Teng, T. W., & Hu, D. (2018). Report on index of urban coordinated development capability in the Yangze river economic belt. Shanghai: China Social Sciences Publishing House.
Zhang, C., & Anadon, L. D. (2013). Life cycle water use of energy production and its environmental impacts in China. Environmental Science and Technology, 47(24), 14459–14467.
Zhang, S., Wang, H., He, X. W., Guo, S. Q., Xia, Y., Zhou, Y. X., et al. (2019). Research progress, problems and prospects of mine water treatment technology and resource utilization in China. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology. https://doi.org/10.1080/10643389.2019.1629798.
Zhao, Q., Guo, F., Zhang, Y., Ma, S., Jia, X., & Meng, W. (2017). How sulfate-rich mine drainage affected aquatic ecosystem degradation in northeastern China, and potential ecological risk. Science of the Total Environment, 609, 1093–1102.
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank the anonymous referees for their helpful comments and suggestions on the earlier draft of our paper. The research work was financially supported by the National Social Science Foundation of China (17BJY063); Project supported by the Major Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (71991482).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sun, H., Wang, H. & Hu, X. Synergetic Network Evolution of Mineral Exploitation on the Water Environment in the Yangtze River Economic Belt. Nat Resour Res 29, 3581–3598 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11053-020-09666-8
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11053-020-09666-8