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Simultaneous determination of uric acid and xanthine in human urine using differential pulse voltammetry with ZnMn2O4 modified electrode

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Abstract

This paper demonstrates the preparation of ZnMn2O4 nanoparticles through thermal hydrolysis in different solvents, such as isopropanol, ethylene glycol, glycerol, and water, combined with pyrolysis. The obtained samples were characterised by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (FT‒IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray mapping, nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms, and a vibrating sample magnetometer. The electrocatalytic activity of ZnMn2O4 nanoparticles was investigated toward the oxidation of uric acid (UA) and xanthine (XA). The ZnMn2O4-nanoparticle-modified electrode not only enhances the oxidation currents of the two purine derivatives but also successfully separates the voltammetric signals of the analytes in their binary mixture and, hence, is employed for their simultaneous determination. The factors affecting the analysis, such as pH, scan rate, linear range, detection limit, reproducibility, and interferents, were also investigated. The results show that the UA and XA limits of detection are as low as 0.55 and 1.28 µM, and the modified electrodes have satisfactory repeatability and reproducibility. The practical application of the modified electrode was demonstrated by simultaneously determining the concentrations of UA and XA in urine samples with exceptional accuracy.

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Acknowledgements

N.L.M.L , D.M.N and D.T.T.N proposed and supervised the project. D.Q.H., D.M.D,T.N.D, L.V.T.S, T.T.T.T, N.T.T.U conceived and performed the experiments. N.L.M.L and D.Q.K wrote the paper. All the authors contributed to the results analyses, discussions, and have approved the final version of the paper.

Funding

Do Mai Nguyen was funded by the Master, PhD Scholarship Programme of Vingroup Innovation Foundation (VINIF), code VINIF.2023.TS.079.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of Education, Hue University, Hue City, 530000, Vietnam

    Nguyen Le My Linh, Dang Thi Thanh Nhan & Dinh Quy Huong

  2. University of Sciences, Hue University, Hue City, 530000, Vietnam

    Do Mai Nguyen, Nguyen Thi Thao Uyen & Dinh Quang Khieu

  3. Institute of Biotechnology and Environment, Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot City, 630000, Vietnam

    Doan Manh Dung

  4. University of Education and Science, The University of Da Nang, Da Nang City, 550000, Vietnam

    Trinh Ngoc Dat & Le Van Thanh Son

  5. Dong A University, Da Nang, 550000, Vietnam

    Tran Thanh Tam Toan

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  1. Nguyen Le My Linh
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N.L.M.L.D.M.D, D.T.T.N proposed and surpevised the project. D.Q.H., D.M.D,T.N.D, L.V.T.S, T.T.T.T, N.T.T.U conceived and performed the experiments. N.L.M.L and D.Q.K wrote the paper. All the authors contributed to the result analyses, discussion and have approved the final version of the paper.

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Correspondence to Tran Thanh Tam Toan or Dinh Quang Khieu.

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Le My Linh, N., Nhan, D.T.T., Huong, D.Q. et al. Simultaneous determination of uric acid and xanthine in human urine using differential pulse voltammetry with ZnMn2O4 modified electrode. J Nanopart Res 26, 104 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-024-06018-y

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