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Preparation, characterization, and formation mechanism of different biological calcium carbonate (CaCO3) induced by Bacillus mucilaginosus and Bacillus alcalophilus

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Abstract

Microbial-induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) is a common mineralization phenomenon in nature, which has the advantages of green and environmental protection. In this paper, Bacillus mucilaginosus and Bacillus alcalophilus were selected to study the dynamic process of MICP in alkaline solution through the changes of Ca2+ concentration, pH value, calcification rate, and Zeta potential, and then the control factors affecting the generation of biological CaCO3 were revealed. Subsequently, various characterization methods were used to explore the effects of different microbial species on the morphology, crystal polymorph, crystalline size, reflectivity, specific surface area, pore volume, and porosity of biological CaCO3, and the formation mechanism of biological CaCO3 was also analyzed carefully. The experimental results showed that microbial mineralization was the control step affecting the formation of biological CaCO3. Due to the different microbial mineralization mechanisms, the properties of biological CaCO3 were also different. Compared with the reference CaCO3, the CaCO3 induced by Bacillus mucilaginosus was mainly calcite with uniformly dispersed oblique hexahedron shape, while the CaCO3 induced by Bacillus alcalophilus was mainly vaterite with uniform spherical shape. Meanwhile, the mechanism of MICP showed that Bacillus mucilaginosus mainly promoted the production of biological CaCO3 through the microbial enzymatic action (carbonic anhydrase), while Bacillus alcalophilus mainly controlled CaCO3 precipitation through the microbial metabolic decomposition. Generally, the paper reveals the diversity of biomineralization by studying the properties and mechanisms of CaCO3 induced by different microbial species, which provides the theoretical basis for the application of MICP.

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Acknowledgements

Authors are much appreciated the financial support from the Innovation Cultivation Project of Beijing Academy of Science and Technology (2023G-0009), Beike Scholars Program of Beijing Academy of Science and Technology (2022A-0007) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (42077146).

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  1. Beijing Key Laboratory of Remediation of Industrial Pollution Sites, Institute of Resources and Environment, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing, 100089, China

    Tianwen Zheng, Wenpeng Leng, Peizhong Li & Wenxia Wei

  2. Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China

    Daibing Hou

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Zheng, T., Hou, D., Leng, W. et al. Preparation, characterization, and formation mechanism of different biological calcium carbonate (CaCO3) induced by Bacillus mucilaginosus and Bacillus alcalophilus. J Nanopart Res 25, 189 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-023-05833-z

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