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Vancomycin modified graphene oxide as carriers to load phthalocyanine for synergistic phototherapy of vancomycin-resistant bacteria

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Abstract

Overuse of antibiotics has led to the emergency of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE), considered one of the leading causes of severe diseases and even death. The phototherapy strategy of combined photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) has achieved considerable attention since it could effectively enhance synergistic efficacy and avoid new drug resistance. In this paper, a kind of hybrid nanocomposite was fabricated and applied in the phototherapy-based combination strategy against VRE pathogens, in which graphene oxide (GO) not only covalent conjugated with vancomycin (Van) but also loaded photosensitizer phthalocyanine (Pc) via π–π stacking interaction. Outstanding PTT and PDT effects were observed in the as-prepared nanocomposite (GO@Van@Pc), giving almost 2–3 logs of bacterial reduction in vitro. Similar data were also obtained when GO@Van@Pc was used to treat VRE-infected BALB/C mice, exhibiting obvious infection regression and accelerated wound healing with negligible damage to normal cells and major organs. Therefore, the as-prepared GO@Van@Pc integrating PTT and PDT has great potential in the phototherapy of drug-resistant pathogens.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province, China (ZR2020MC079, ZR2014BP004), National Natural Science Foundation of China (21505066), and a project of Shandong Province Higher Educational Science and Technology Program, China (J18KA265).

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  1. Huijie Wang and Xiaoli Yu contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China

    Huijie Wang, Xiaoli Yu, Qixian Li, Jingru Zhu, Juan Ding & Tingting Jiang

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  1. Huijie Wang
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  2. Xiaoli Yu
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  3. Qixian Li
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Contributions

Huijie Wang: Data curation, Writing an original draft. Xiaoli Yu: Methodology, Data curation, Formal analysis. Qixian Li: Methodology, Formal analysis. Jingru Zhu: Formal analysis, Data curation. Juan Ding: Data curation. Tingting Jiang: Supervision, Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing review and editing. All the authors reviewed and edited the manuscript and approved the final version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Tingting Jiang.

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Wang, H., Yu, X., Li, Q. et al. Vancomycin modified graphene oxide as carriers to load phthalocyanine for synergistic phototherapy of vancomycin-resistant bacteria. J Nanopart Res 24, 234 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-022-05608-y

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