Abstract
Fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs) as promising enzyme mimics have attracted a lot of attention in the field of biomedicine. However, the molecular mechanism of their intrinsic peroxidase-like and antioxidant activities as well as their protection of cells remain unknown. Epilepsy is a neurological disorder, manifested by repeated spontaneous seizures with complicated pathogenesis and ineffective treatments, which calls for new types of medicines. To explore the potential of using FNDs in treating epilepsy, we carried out this research and results demonstrate that FNDs have excellent optical characteristics, horseradish peroxidase, and antioxidant enzyme-like activities in mouse astrocytes. In addition, their peroxidase-like activities and optical imaging capabilities can be used to trace the localization of FNDs in cells. Moreover, the antioxidant enzyme-like activity of FNDs can reduce oxidative stress damage to astrocyte cells. More interestingly, the level of ROS, the content of MDA, the LDH leakage rate, and the expression of keap1 mRNA and protein in astrocytes from a mouse model of epilepsy seizures were decreased. On the contrary, the content of SOD, GSH, and the expression of Nrf2, HO-1 protein, and mRNA was significantly increased after incubation with FNDs. Therefore, FNDs can protect epileptic astrocytes by reducing oxidative stress through positively regulating the Nrf2/ARE pathway, inhibiting the production of free radicals and lipid peroxidation products to reduce oxidative stress. Collectively, our FNDs with minimal cytotoxicity can efficiently track their locations and protect mouse astrocytes from oxidative stress, which may provide a nano-based biomedicine platform for treating epilepsy-like neurological diseases.
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Acknowledgements
We are grateful to Prof. Guowei Yang and Dr. Tongming Chen for providing the FNDs.
Funding
This work was funded by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (81771891), the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (Q195026028), Health Commission of Zhejiang Province (2020KY632), Wenzhou Municipal Science and Technology Bureau (Y20190058, Y2020223).
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Wang, N., Zhang, M., Ma, Y. et al. Fluorescent nanodiamonds as enzyme mimics for protecting astrocytes from oxidative stress in a mouse model of epilepsy. J Nanopart Res 23, 266 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-021-05381-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-021-05381-4