Abstract
The dispersed solution of activated carbon (AC) is utilized in the fabrication of electrodes of many optoelectronic devices with good electrical and mechanical performance. But, AC in aqueous solution self-associates and aggregates downwards. These aggregates need to be dispersed in a solution, which is a challenging problem. Presented work is focused on the dispersion of AC with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) in aqueous solution using a modified dispersion system. The conventional dispersion system is modified by introducing a direct current (DC) field in such a way that sonication can be performed in situ DC field in the solution. Here, the influence of the DC field on the dispersion of AC for different sonication times and different weight ratios of SDS to AC is reported. The results show that the sonication in situ DC field improved dispersion of AC. Also, the amount of SDS for dispersion of AC can be reduced by performing sonication under suitable DC field. The dispersed solution prepared under the DC field can be applied for thin film deposition by using the electrophoresis deposition method (EPD).
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Azarmi R, Ashjaran A (2015) Type and application of some common surfactants. J Chem Pharm Res 7(2):632
Boccaccini AR, Cho J, Roether JA, Thomas BJC, Minay EJ, Shaffer MSP (2006) Electrophoretic deposition of carbon nanotubes. Carb 44:3149
Cao G, Liu D (2008) Template-based synthesis of the nanorod, nanowire, and nanotube arrays. Adv Coll Int Sci 136:45
Cui L et al (2013) Incorporation of multiwalled carbon nanotubes to ordinary Portland cement (OPC): effects on mechanical properties. Adv Mater Res 1:436
Cui H, Yan X, Monasterio M, Xing F (2017) Effects of various surfactants on the dispersion of MWCNTs-OH in aqueous solution. Nanomaterials 7:262
Faust B (1997) Modern chemical techniques. RS. C 1st Edn:1
Fridedel RA, Hofer LJE (1970) Spectral characterization of activated carbon. J Phys Chem 74(15):2921
Fu L, Yu AM (2014) Carbon nanotube-based thin films: fabrication, characterization, and application. Rev Adv Mater Sci 36:40
Gardeshzadesh AR, Raissi B (2010) Thick film deposition of carbon nanotubes by alternating electrophoresis. Prog Col Coa 3:27
Harkley PA, Parfitt GD (1985) Dispersion of powders in liquid. 1. The contribution of the van der Waals force to the black powders. Langmuir 1:651
Jiang L, Gao L, Sun J (2003) Production of aqueous colloidal dispersions of carbon nanotubes. J Colloid Interface Sci 260:89
Jing G, Wang W, Chen L, Cui L, Hu X, Geng H (2013) Optimizing processes of dispersant concentration and post-treatments for fabricating single-walled carbon nanotube transparent conducting films. Appl Surf Sci 277:128
Kittel C (2013) Introduction to solid state physics, 8th edn. Wiley, India
Kumari L, Li WZ, Kulkarni S, Wu KH, Chen W, Wang C, Vannoy CH, Leblanic RM (2010) Effects of surfactants on the structure and morphology of magnesium borate hydroxide nanowhiskers synthesized by hydrothermal route. Nan Sca Reas Lett 5:149
Le Cloirec P, Faur C (2006) Interface Science and Technology, Edn 1st edn. Springer, Berlin
Li SD, Wang CC, Chen CY (2009) Water electrolysis in the presence of the ultrasonic field. Electrochim Acta 54:3877
Li Q, Church JS, Kafi A, Naebe M, Fox BL (2014) An improved understanding of the dispersion of multi-walled carbon nanotubes in non-aqueous solvents. J Nanopart Res 16
Magdassi S (2010) Nanotechnology thought leaders series. Nan Mat Disp Techn 1:1
Mejia J, Valembois V, Piret JP, Tichelaar F, Huis MV, Masereel B, Toussaint O, Delhallo J, Mekhalif Z, Lucas S (2012) Are stirring and Sonication Pre-dispersion methods equivalent for in vitro toxicology evaluation of SiC and TiC. J Nanopart Res 14:815
Ogata S, Shinohara H (1977) Electrical properties of liquids adaptable to electrostatic atomization. Kagaku Kogaku Ronbunshu 3(6):586
Santhosh P, Yong SK, Jin-H Y, Kuk YC, Dong-W K (2010) Effect of surfactant and coating method on the electrical and optical properties of thin conductive films prepared with single-walled carbon nanotubes. Curr Appl Phys 10:101
Sato M, Kito M, Sakai T (1977) Surface tension reduction under high potential by vibrating jet method. Kagaku Kogaku Ronbunshu 3(5):504
Skryshevsky V, Evtukh A, Llchenko V (2016) Advanced nanosystems design and fabrication techniques. Adv Nano Des Fabr Tech 1:1
Sohrabi B, Poorgholami-Bejarpasi N, Nayeri N (2014) Dispersion of carbon nanotubes using mixed surfactants: experimental and molecular dynamics simulation studies. J Phy Chem B 118:3094
Song Y, Cho D, Venkateswarlu S, Yoon MRS (2017) Systematic study on preparation of copper nanoparticles embedded porous carbon by carbonization of a metal-organic framework for enzymatic glucose sensor. Chem Adv 7:10592
Sun Z, Nicolosi V, Rickard D, Bergin SD, Aherne D, Coleman JN (2008) Quantitative evaluation of surfactant-stabilized single-walled carbon nanotubes: dispersion quality and its correlation with zeta potential. J Phys Chem C 112:10692
Traurozzi JS, Hackley VA, Wiesner MR (2011) Ultrasonic dispersion of nanoparticles for environmental, health and safety assessment issues and recommendations. Nan Tox 5(4):711
Travlou NA, Seredych M, Castellon ER, Bandosz TJ (2015) Activated carbon-based gas sensors effects of surface features mechanism. J Mater Chem A 3:3821
Vafai K (2015) Hand book of porous media, 3rd edn. CRC Press, p 387
Vaisman L, Wagner HD, Marom G (2006) The role of surfactants in dispersion of carbon nanotubes. Adv Coll Int Sci 37:128
Vlasov AY, Venediktova AV, Videnichev DA, Kislyakov IM, Obraztsova ED, Sokolova EP (2012) Effects of antifreeze and bundled material on the stability and optical limiting in aqueous suspensions of carbon nanotubes, Phys. Status Solidi B 249(12):2341
Wang H, Peng J, Xie C, Bao Y, He Y (2013) Fruit quality evaluation using spectroscopy technology A review. Sensors 15:11889
Weiss DE (1961) The catalytic properties of amorphous carbons. Carb Conf 5:1
Wusiman JH, Tulugan K, Afrianto H, Chung H (2013) Thermal performance of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in aqueous suspensions with surfactants SDBS and SDS. Int Commun Heat Mass Transfer 41:28
Yasumitsu T, Liu G, Leveque JM, Aonuma S, Duclaux L, Kimura T, Komatsu N (2013) A rosette cooling cell: a more effective container for solubilization of single-walled carbon nanotubes under probe-type ultrasonic irradiation, Ultrason. Sonochem 20(1):37
Yoon HJ, Choi YI, Jang ES, Sohn Y (2015) Graphene, charcoal, ZnO, ZnS/BiOX (X = Cl, Br, and I) hybrid microspheres for photocatalytic simulated real mixed dye treatments. J Ind Eng Chem 32:137
Young SJ, Lin ZD, Hsiao CH, Huang CS (2012) Ethanol gas sensors composed of carbon nanotubes with adsorbed gold nanoparticles. I J Elec Sci 7:11634
Acknowledgments
Authors also thank the department of physics Amrit Campus, Kathmandu and Patan Multiple Campus, Lalitpur, Tribhuvan University, Nepal for providing a research laboratory to complete this work.
Funding
The authors thank the University Grant Commission (UGC), Faculty Grant 2072-2073 B.S., for supporting this work under.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Publisher’s note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Pandey, A., Joshi, L.P. & Shrestha, S.P. Influence of direct current field on dispersion of activated carbon. J Nanopart Res 22, 88 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-020-04816-8
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-020-04816-8