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RETRACTED ARTICLE: The structure and biological properties of clustered anatase/rutile nanowire array–modified titanium surface

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This article was retracted on 05 May 2022

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Abstract

Understanding of the complicated interactions between biomaterials and cells can accelerate biomedical developments. Recently, many in vitro studies have emphasized the biological features of nanowires (NWs) on the cell’s early response. A type of unique clustered anatase/rutile NWs (ARNWs) was generated using a simple hydrothermal reaction on titanium in the present study. The aim of this study is to determine whether the ARNWs is beneficial for the enhancement of biological capacity. Clustered ARNWs with a diameter of 200 nm were grown on titanium disks via a three-step synthesis process. Three different types of NWs were generated during the production process, displaying different biological characteristics but similar surface topography and wettability. All of the NW surfaces remarkably accelerated the adsorption of albumin protein; however, compared to the ARNWs, a relatively low level of cell attachment and proliferation occurred on the surfaces of sodium titanate NWs (STiNWs) and H2Ti2O5 nanowires (HTiNWs). The data indicated that the surface titanium oxide crystal structure plays an important role in the cell’s early response. To some extent, the generation of anatase and rutile of the ARNWs compensated for the cell-repelling properties. The crystal structure and potential larger loading capacity of the ARNWs face challenges for enhanced cellular adaptation which could improve its clinical potential.

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Funding

The study was financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province, China (2018A030310439 and 2015A030310071), the Science Foundation of SMU, China (PY2017N039), and the Foundation of Youthful Innovative talents of General University Guangdong Province (2017KQNCX032).

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Author notes

  1. Yan Gao and Ying Liu contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center of Oral Implantology, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China

    Yan Gao, Shulan Xu, Chunhua Lai, Xianglong Ding, Zehong Guo, Wangxi Wu & Lei Zhou

  2. Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China

    Ying Liu

  3. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Inner Mongolia People’s Hospital, Huhhot, 010017, Inner Mongolia, China

    Yadong Zhao

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  1. Yan Gao
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Correspondence to Yan Gao.

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This article has been retracted. Please see the retraction notice for more detail:https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-022-05471-x

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Gao, Y., Liu, Y., Zhao, Y. et al. RETRACTED ARTICLE: The structure and biological properties of clustered anatase/rutile nanowire array–modified titanium surface. J Nanopart Res 22, 76 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-020-04794-x

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