Abstract
Screen printing is attracting attention as a method for manufacturing magnetic components such as on-chip transformers and inductors. Fe–Ni alloys, which have high saturation magnetizations and permeabilities, are suitable as magnetic materials for screen-printed high-frequency devices. Here, we demonstrate the fabrication of a screen-printed film comprising solid-solution Fe–Ni nanoalloys, which can achieve enhanced permeability and reduced eddy-current losses in high-frequency regions. The Fe–Ni nanoalloys were prepared by chemical reduction using sodium borohydride as a reducing reagent followed by hydrogen reduction. X-ray diffraction measurements, electron microscopy, and inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy revealed that well-mixed FexNi100−x nanoalloys (x = 40, 21.5, and 10) with grain sizes of ~ 10 nm were synthesized. The obtained nanoalloys showed high saturation magnetizations comparable to bulk alloys. The screen-printed film using the Fe21.5Ni78.5 nanoalloy exhibited the highest permeability of the nanoalloy films. The eddy-current loss was suppressed by the synthesis of nanoscale-grained nanoalloys. The permeability was sufficiently high for application in transformers and inductors.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bang DH, Park JY (2009) Ni-Zn ferrite screen printed power inductors for compact DC-DC power converter applications. IEEE Trans Magn 45:2762–2765. https://doi.org/10.1109/tmag.2009.2020550
Brandon EJ, Wesseling EE, Chang V, Kuhn WB (2003) Printed microinductors on flexible substrates for power applications. IEEE Trans Compon Packaging Technol 26:517–523. https://doi.org/10.1109/tcapt.2003.817641
Chen YZ, Luo XH, Yue GH, Luo XT, Peng DL (2009) Synthesis of iron-nickel nanoparticles via a nonaqueous organometallic route. Mater Chem Phys 113:412–416. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2008.07.118
Chen YZ, She HD, Luo XH, Yue GH, Mi WB, Bai HL, Peng DL (2010) Chemical synthesis of monodisperse Fe-Ni nanoparticles via a diffusion-based approach. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 10:3053–3059. https://doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2010.2181
Chikazumi S, Graham CD (1997) Physics of ferromagnetism, 2nd edn. Oxford Science Publications, Oxford
Cullity BD, Graham CD (2009) Introduction to magnetic materials, 2nd edn. John Wiley & Sons, New Jersey
Douvalis AP, Zboril R, Bourlinos AB, Tucek J, Spyridi S, Bakas T (2012) A facile synthetic route toward air-stable magnetic nanoalloys with Fe-Ni/Fe-Co core and iron oxide shell. J Nanopart Res 14(16). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-012-1130-z
Duhamel C, Champion Y, Tence M, Walls M (2005) Synthesis of controlled-chemistry ultrafine FexNi1-x ferromagnetic powders. J Alloy Compd 393:204–210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2004.10.041
Endo Y, Sato H, Miyazaki T, Yamaguchi M, Kamada H, Takahashi M, Sakamoto M, Maita S, Kato N, Yorozu Y, Yasui T (2015) Study on the electric performances of planar inductor with Fe-system magnetic flake composite integrated for SiP DC-to-DC converter applications. IEEE Trans Magn 51:4–4. https://doi.org/10.1109/tmag.2015.2452902
Fujieda S, Miyamura W, Shinoda K, Suzuki S, Jeyadevan B (2016) Composition-controlled Fe-Ni alloy fine particles synthesized by reduction-annealing of polyol-derived Fe-Ni hydroxide. Mater Trans 57:1645–1651. https://doi.org/10.2320/matertrans.M2016063
Kasagi T, Tsutaoka T, Hatakeyama K (1999) Particle size effect on the complex permeability for permalloy composite materials. IEEE Trans Magn 35:3424–3426. https://doi.org/10.1109/20.800545
Kin M, Kura H, Ogawa T (2016) Core loss and magnetic susceptibility of superparamagnetic Fe nanoparticle assembly. AIP Adv 6:7. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4972059
Kodama D, Shinoda K, Kasuya R, Tohji K, Doi M, Balachandran J (2010) Synthesis of submicron sized Fe20Ni80 particles and their magnetic properties. J Appl Phys 107(3):09A320. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3334170
Mathuna SCO, O'Donnell T, Wang NN, Rinne K (2005) Magnetics on silicon: an enabling technology for power supply on chip. IEEE Trans Power Electron 20:585–592. https://doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2005.846537
Matsumoto T, Sadakiyo M, Ooi ML, Kitano S, Yamamoto T, Matsumura S, Kato K, Takeguchi T, Yamauchi M (2014) CO2-free power generation on an Iron group nanoalloy catalyst via selective oxidation of ethylene glycol to oxalic acid in alkaline media. Sci Rep 4:5620–5625. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep05620
Matsumoto T, Sadakiyo M, Ooi ML, Yamamoto T, Matsumura S, Kato K, Takeguchi T, Ozawa N, Kubo M, Yamauchi M (2015) Atomically mixed Fe-group nanoalloys: catalyst design for the selective electrooxidation of ethylene glycol to oxalic acid. Phys Chem Chem Phys 17:11359–11366. https://doi.org/10.1039/c5cp00954e
Qin GW, Pei WL, Ren YP, Shimada Y, Endo Y, Yamaguchi M, Okamoto S, Kitakami O (2009) Ni80Fe20 permalloy nanoparticles: wet chemical preparation, size control and their dynamic permeability characteristics when composited with Fe micron particles. J Magn Magn Mater 321:4057–4062. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2009.08.004
Ramprasad R, Zurcher P, Petras M, Miller M, Renaud P (2004) Magnetic properties of metallic ferromagnetic nanoparticle composites. J Appl Phys 96:519–529. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1759073
Sharif MJ, Yamauchi M, Toh S, Matsumura S, Noro S, Kato K, Takata M, Tsukuda T (2013) Enhanced magnetization in highly crystalline and atomically mixed bcc Fe-Co nanoalloys prepared by hydrogen reduction of oxide composites. Nanoscale 5:1489–1493. https://doi.org/10.1039/c2nr33467d
Shokrollahi H, Janghorban K (2007) Soft magnetic composite materials (SMCs). J Mater Process Technol 189:1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2007.02.034
Suh YJ, Jang HD, Chang H, Kim WB, Kim HC (2006) Size-controlled synthesis of Fe-Ni alloy nanoparticles by hydrogen reduction of metal chlorides. Powder Technol 161:196–201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2005.11.002
Yamauchi M, Ozawa N, Kubo M (2016) Experimental and quantum chemical approaches to develop highly selective nanocatalysts for CO2-free power circulation. Chem Rec 16:2249–2259. https://doi.org/10.1002/tcr.201600047
Acknowledgements
We are grateful to Kazuya Okubo (Kyushu University, Japan) for his assistance with the synthesis and characterization.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
Kenichi Yatsugi performed the experiments and wrote the paper. Toshitaka Ishizaki proposed the idea for this research. Kunio Akedo and Miho Yamauchi collaborated to design the research strategy.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflicts of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Publisher’s note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Electronic supplementary material
ESM 1
(PDF 271 kb)
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Yatsugi, K., Ishizaki, T., Akedo, K. et al. Composition-controlled synthesis of solid-solution Fe–Ni nanoalloys and their application in screen-printed magnetic films. J Nanopart Res 21, 60 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-019-4497-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-019-4497-2