Abstract
Hollow-structured nanomaterials generally showed enhanced catalytic abilities due to their high utilization. In this work, a general method for the synthesis of PtCu3 nanoframes was reported with the employment of hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC), copper(I) chloride, and various kinds of platinum precursors such as K2PtCl6, H2PtCl6, and Pt(acac)2. It was revealed that the presence of CTAC was crucial for the formation of frame structures. On the one hand, CTAC could act as a structure director, and on the other hand, the galvanic replacement and etching effect of the chloride ions together with oxygen was also responsible for the formation of the frame structure. A similar effect was also evidenced in the case of hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide. Finally, the as-obtained PtCu3 nanoframes demonstrated high catalytic abilities in the oxidation of methanol as a model reaction.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ammam M, Bradley Easto E (2013) PtCu/C and Pt (Cu)/C catalysts: synthesis, characterization and catalytic activity towards ethanol electrooxidation. J Power Sources 222:79–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2012.07.143
Bai L (2016) Flower-like RuCu nanodendrites as catalysts for hydrogenation of p-nitrophenol with β-cyclodextrin as promoters. Dalton Trans 45(11):4712–4715. https://doi.org/10.1039/C5DT04862A
Bai L, Dang Z (2015) Facile synthesis of litchi shaped cuprous oxide and its application in the aerobic oxidative synthesis of imines. RSC Adv 5(14):10341–10345. https://doi.org/10.1039/C4RA14890H
Chen M, Wu BH, Yang J, Zheng NF (2012) Small adsorbate-assisted shape control of Pd and Pt nanocrystals. Adv Mater 24(7):862–879. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201104145
Gonzalez E, Arbiol J, Puntes VF (2011) Carving at the nanoscale: sequential galvanic exchange and Kirkendall growth at room temperature. Science 334(6061):1377–1380. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1212822
Han L, Liu H, Cui PH, Peng ZJ, Zhang SJ, Yang J (2014) Alloy Cu3Pt nanoframes through the structure evolution in Cu-Pt nanoparticles with a core-shell construction. Sci Rep 4(1):6414. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep06414
Hu J, Chen M, Fang XS, Wu LM (2011) Fabrication and application of inorganic hollow spheres. Chem Soc Rev 40(11):5472–5491. https://doi.org/10.1039/C1CS15103G
Kakati N, Maiti J, Lee SH, Jee SH, Viswanathan B, Yoon YS (2014) Anode catalysts for direct methanol fuel cells in acidic media: do we have any alternative for Pt or Pt–Ru? Chem Rev 114(24):12397–12429. https://doi.org/10.1021/cr400389f
Keul HA, Mçller M, Bockstaller MR (2007) Structural evolution of gold nanorods during controlled secondary growth. Langmuir 23(20):10307–10315. https://doi.org/10.1021/la7015325
Lee JY, Han SB, Kwak DH, Kim MC, Lee S, Park JY, Choi IA, Park HS, Park KW (2017) Porous Cu-rich@Cu3Pt alloy catalyst with a low Pt loading for enhanced electrocatalytic reactions. J Alloys Compd 691:27–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2016.08.221
Li CL, Jiang B, Imura M, Malgras V, Yamauchi Y (2014) Mesoporous Pt hollow cubes with controlled shell thicknesses and investigation of their electrocatalytic performance. Chem Commun 50(97):15337–15340. https://doi.org/10.1039/c4cc07071b
Li GL, Zhang HY, Lan J, Li J, Chen QW, Liu JY, Jiang GB (2013) Hierarchical hollow TiO2 spheres: facile synthesis and improved visible-light photocatalytic activity. Dalton Trans 42(24):8541–8544. https://doi.org/10.1039/C3DT50503K
Luo SP, Shen PK (2015) Concave platinum-copper octopod nanoframes bounded with multiple high-index facets for efficient electrooxidation catalysis. ACS Nano 11(12):11946–11953. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.6b04458
Lv Q, Chang JF, Xing W, Liu WP (2014) Dispersion-controlled PtCu clusters synthesized with citric acid using galvanic displacement with high electrocatalytic activity toward methanol oxidation. RSC Adv 4(62):32997–33000. https://doi.org/10.1039/C4RA04417G
Peng XL, Zhao YC, Chen DH, Fan YF, Wang X, Wang WL, Tian JN (2014) One-pot synthesis of reduced graphene oxide supported PtCuy catalysts with enhanced electro-catalytic activity for the methanol oxidation reaction. Electrochimi Acta 136:292–300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2014.05.110
Qi Y, Bian T, Choi SI, Jiang Y, Jin C, Fu M, Zhang H, Yang D (2014) Kinetically controlled synthesis of Pt–Cu alloy concave nanocubes with high-index facets for methanol electro-oxidation. Chem Commun 50(5):560–562. https://doi.org/10.1039/C3CC48061E
Qian L, Gu L, Yang L, Yuan H, Xiao D (2013) Direct growth of NiCo2O4 nanostructures on conductive substrates with enhanced electrocatalytic activity and stability for methanol oxidation. Nano 5(16):7388–7396. https://doi.org/10.1039/C3NR01104F
Qiao Y, Li C (2011) Nanostructured catalysts in fuel cells. J Mater Chem 21(12):4027–4036. https://doi.org/10.1039/C0JM02871A
Shao AF, Wang ZB, Chu YY, Jiang ZZ, Yin GP, Liu Y (2010) Evaluation of the performance of carbon supported Pt–Ru–Ni–P as anode catalyst for methanol electrooxidation. Fuel Cells 10(3):472–477. https://doi.org/10.1002/fuce.200900170
Wang XH, Tian XL, Chen K, Cao CY (2006) Synthesis and characterization of Pt–Cu bimetallic alloy nanoparticles by reverse micelles method. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochem Eng Aspects 273:35–42 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2005.07.029
Wang YX, Zhou HJ, Sun HS, Chen TH (2014) Exceptional methanol electro-oxidation activity by bimetallic concave and dendritic Pt–Cu nanocrystals catalysts. J. Power Sources 245:663–670. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.07.015
Xia BY, Wu HB, Wang X, Lou XW (2012) One-pot synthesis of cubic PtCu3 nanocages with enhanced electrocatalytic activity for the methanol oxidation reaction. J Am Chem Soc 134(34):13934–13937. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja3051662
Xiao YP, Wan S, Zhang X, Hu JS, Wei ZD, Wan LJ (2012) Hanging Pt hollow nanocrystal assemblies on graphene resulting in an enhanced electrocatalyst. Chem Commun 48(83):10331–10333. https://doi.org/10.1039/C2CC35562K
Yu WT, Porosoff MD, Chen JGG (2012) Review of Pt-based bimetallic catalysis: from model surfaces to supported catalysts. Chem Rev 112(11):5780–5817. https://doi.org/10.1021/cr300096b
Zhang H, Jin MS, Xia YN (2012) Enhancing the catalytic and electrocatalytic properties of Pt-based catalysts by forming bimetallic nanocrystals with Pd. Chem Soc Rev 41(24):8035–8049. https://doi.org/10.1039/C2CS35173K
Funding
Talent introduction project of Anhui Science and Technology University (No. 830166) is greatly appreciated for the financial support. The project of AKZDXK2015AO1 in AHSTU is also appreciated for the finical support.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Electronic supplementary material
ESM 1
(DOC 1237 kb)
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Bai, L., Bai, Y. Rapid and facile CuCl assistant synthesis of PtCu3 nanoframes as efficient catalysts for electroxidation of methanol. J Nanopart Res 20, 24 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-018-4135-4
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-018-4135-4