Abstract
This work describes a novel method to prepare reduced graphene oxide (rGO) sheets decorated with copper oxide and copper nanoparticles, by annealing copper foil-supported graphene oxide (GO) under an Ar atmosphere. The GO reduction level, the predominant Cu or Cu2O compound, and the particle size strongly depend on the process temperature. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that rGO–Cu2O and rGO–Cu nanocomposites developed on the Cu foil surface at the annealing temperatures of 200–600 and 800–1000 °C range, respectively. Raman spectroscopy corroborates the effective GO reduction.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Allen MJ, Tung VC, Kaner RB (2009) Honeycomb carbon: a review of graphene. Chem Rev 110:132–145. doi:10.1021/cr900070d
Bai S, Shen X (2012) Graphene-inorganic nanocomposites. RSC Adv 2:64–98. doi:10.1039/C1RA00260K
Bose S, Kuila T, Mishra AK, Kim NH, Lee JH (2012) Dual role of glycine as a chemical functionalizer and a reducing agent in the preparation of graphene: an environmentally friendly method. J Mater Chem 22:9696–9703. doi:10.1039/C2JM00011C
Cai M, Thorpe D, Adamson DH, Schniepp HC (2012) Methods of graphite exfoliation. J Mater Chem 22:24992–25002. doi:10.1039/C2JM34517J
Casabianca LB, Shaibat MA, Cai WW, Park S, Piner R, Ruoff RS, Ishii Y (2010) NMR-based structural modeling of graphite oxide using multidimensional 13C solid-state NMR and ab initio chemical shift calculations. J Am Chem Soc 132:5672–5676. doi:10.1021/ja9030243
Chen W, Yan L (2010) Preparation of graphene by a low-temperature thermal reduction at atmosphere pressure. Nanoscale 2:559–563. doi:10.1039/B9NR00191C
Chen W, Yan L, Bangal PR (2010) Preparation of graphene by the rapid and mild thermal reduction of graphene oxide induced by microwaves. Carbon 48:1146–1152. doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2009.11.037
Choi BG, Huh YS, Park YC, Jung DH, Hong WH, Park H (2012) Enhanced transport properties in polymer electrolyte composite membranes with graphene oxide sheets. Carbon 50:5395–5402. doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2012.07.025
Chuang CH et al (2014) The effect of thermal reduction on the photoluminescence and electronic structures of graphene oxides. Sci Rep. doi:10.1038/srep04525
Compton OC, Nguyen ST (2010) Graphene oxide, highly reduced graphene oxide, and graphene: versatile building blocks for carbon-based materials. Small 6:711–723. doi:10.1002/smll.200901934
Deng S et al (2012) Reduced graphene oxide conjugated Cu2O nanowire mesocrystals for high-performance NO2 gas sensor. J Am Chem Soc 134:4905–4917. doi:10.1021/ja211683m
Dong J, Liu W, Li H, Su X, Tang X, Uher C (2013) In situ synthesis and thermoelectric properties of PbTe-graphene nanocomposites by utilizing a facile and novel wet chemical method. J Mater Chem A 1:12503–12511. doi:10.1039/C3TA12494K
Dong X et al (2014) Direct synthesis of RGO/Cu2O composite films on Cu foil for supercapacitors. J Alloy Compd 586:745–753. doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2013.10.078
Dreyer DR, Park S, Bielawski CW, Ruoff RS (2010) The chemistry of graphene oxide. Chem Soc Rev 39:228–240. doi:10.1039/B917103G
Fernández-Merino MJ, Guardia L, Paredes JI, Villar-Rodil S, Solís-Fernández P, Martínez-Alonso A, Tascón JMD (2010) Vitamin C Is an ideal substitute for hydrazine in the reduction of graphene oxide suspensions. J Phys Chem C 114:6426–6432. doi:10.1021/jp100603h
Ganguly A, Sharma S, Papakonstantinou P, Hamilton J (2011) Probing the thermal deoxygenation of graphene oxide using high-resolution in situ X-ray-based spectroscopies. J Phys Chem C 115:17009–17019. doi:10.1021/jp203741y
Glover RD, Miller JM, Hutchison JE (2011) Generation of metal nanoparticles from silver and copper objects: nanoparticle dynamics on surfaces and potential sources of nanoparticles in the environment. ACS Nano 5:8950–8957. doi:10.1021/nn2031319
Goldstein EA, Mitchell RE (2011) Chemical kinetics of copper oxide reduction with carbon monoxide. Proc Combust Inst 33:2803–2810. doi:10.1016/j.proci.2010.06.080
Guo H-L, Wang X-F, Qian Q-Y, Wang F-B, Xia X-H (2009) A green approach to the synthesis of graphene nanosheets. ACS Nano 3:2653–2659. doi:10.1021/nn900227d
Hadadian M, Goharshadi E, Youssefi A (2014) Electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, and rheological properties of graphene oxide-based nanofluids. J Nanopart Res 16:1–17. doi:10.1007/s11051-014-2788-1
Hien VX, Kim S-Y, Lee J-H, Kim J-J, Heo Y-W (2013) Growth of CuO nanowires on graphene-deposited Cu foil by thermal oxidation method. J Cryst Growth 384:100–106. doi:10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2013.09.019
Hu C, Zhai X, Liu L, Zhao Y, Jiang L, Qu L (2013) Spontaneous reduction and assembly of graphene oxide into three-dimensional graphene network on arbitrary conductive substrates. Sci Rep 3:2065. doi:10.1038/srep02065. http://www.nature.com/articles/srep02065#supplementary-information
Huh SH (2011) Thermal reduction of graphene oxide. In: Mikhailov S (ed) Physics and applications of graphene-experiments. InTech, New York
Hummers WS, Offeman RE (1958) Preparation of graphitic oxide. J Am Chem Soc 80:1339. doi:10.1021/ja01539a017
Li X et al (2009) Large-area synthesis of high-quality and uniform graphene films on copper foils. Science 324:1312–1314. doi:10.1126/science.1171245
Li M et al (2014) Graphene oxide/hydroxyapatite composite coatings fabricated by electrophoretic nanotechnology for biological applications. Carbon 67:185–197. doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2013.09.080
Liu H, Liu Y, Zhu D (2011) Chemical doping of graphene. J Mater Chem 21:3335–3345. doi:10.1039/C0JM02922J
Mai YJ, Wang XL, Xiang JY, Qiao YQ, Zhang D, Gu CD, Tu JP (2011) CuO/graphene composite as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries. Electrochim Acta 56:2306–2311. doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2010.11.036
Mattevi C, Kim H, Chhowalla M (2011) Physics and applications of graphene-experiments. J Mater Chem 21:3324–3334. doi:10.1039/C0JM02126A
Menchaca-Campos C et al (2013) Nylon/graphene oxide electrospun composite coating. Int J Polym Sci 2013:9. doi:10.1155/2013/621618
Moon IK, Lee J, Ruoff RS, Lee H (2010) Reduced graphene oxide by chemical graphitization. Nat Commun 1:73–78. http://www.nature.com/ncomms/journal/v1/n6/suppinfo/ncomms1067_S1.html
Na HG et al (2015) Reduced graphene oxide functionalized with Cu nanoparticles: fabrication, structure, and sensing properties. Thin Solid Films 588:11–18. doi:10.1016/j.tsf.2015.03.078
Necmi S, Tülay S, Şeyda H, Yasemin Ç (2005) Annealing effects on the properties of copper oxide thin films prepared by chemical deposition. Semicond Sci Technol 20:398
Neo CY, Ouyang J (2013) The production of organogels using graphene oxide as the gelator for use in high-performance quasi-solid state dye-sensitized solar cells. Carbon 54:48–57. doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2012.11.002
Notley SM (2012) Highly concentrated aqueous suspensions of graphene through ultrasonic exfoliation with continuous surfactant addition. Langmuir 28:14110–14113. doi:10.1021/la302750e
Park S, An J, Potts JR, Velamakanni A, Murali S, Ruoff RS (2011) Hydrazine-reduction of graphite- and graphene oxide. Carbon 49:3019–3023. doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2011.02.071
Pei S, Cheng H-M (2012) The reduction of graphene oxide. Carbon 50:3210–3228. doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2011.11.010
Shen J, Yan B, Shi M, Ma H, Li N, Ye M (2011) One step hydrothermal synthesis of TiO2-reduced graphene oxide sheets. J Mater Chem 21:3415–3421. doi:10.1039/C0JM03542D
Shi W et al (2011) Achieving high specific charge capacitances in Fe3O4/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites. J Mater Chem 21:3422–3427. doi:10.1039/C0JM03175E
Singh V, Joung D, Zhai L, Das S, Khondaker SI, Seal S (2011) Graphene based materials: past, present and future. Prog Mater Sci 56:1178–1271. doi:10.1016/j.pmatsci.2011.03.003
Sobon G et al (2012) Graphene oxide versus reduced graphene oxide as saturable absorbers for Er-doped passively mode-locked fiber laser. Opt Express 20:19463–19473. doi:10.1364/OE.20.019463
Some S, Kim Y, Yoon Y, Yoo H, Lee S, Park Y, Lee H (2013) High-Quality Reduced Graphene Oxide by a Dual-Function Chemical Reduction and Healing Process Sci Rep 3:1–15. doi:10.1038/srep01929. http://www.nature.com/srep/2013/130531/srep01929/abs/srep01929.html#supplementary-information
Stankovich S et al. (2006) Graphene-based composite materials. Nature 442:282–286. http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v442/n7100/suppinfo/nature04969_S1.html
Stankovich S et al (2007) Synthesis of graphene-based nanosheets via chemical reduction of exfoliated graphite oxide. Carbon 45:1558–1565. doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2007.02.034
Wofford JM, Nie S, Thürmer K, McCarty KF, Dubon OD (2015) Influence of lattice orientation on growth and structure of graphene on Cu(0 0 1). Carbon 90:284–290 doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2015.03.056
Wu C-K, Wang G-J, Dai J-F (2013) Controlled functionalization of graphene oxide through surface modification with acetone. J Mater Sci 48:3436–3442. doi:10.1007/s10853-012-7131-6
Xu C, Wang X, Yang L, Wu Y (2009) Fabrication of a graphene–cuprous oxide composite. J Solid State Chem 182:2486–2490. doi:10.1016/j.jssc.2009.07.001
Xu C, Cui A, Xu Y, Fu X (2013) Graphene oxide–TiO2 composite filtration membranes and their potential application for water purification. Carbon 62:465–471
Zhang Y, Ma H-L, Zhang Q, Peng J, Li J, Zhai M, Yu Z-Z (2012) Facile synthesis of well-dispersed graphene by [gamma]-ray induced reduction of graphene oxide. J Mater Chem 22:13064–13069. doi:10.1039/C2JM32231E
Zhao B et al (2012) Supercapacitor performances of thermally reduced graphene oxide. J Power Sour 198:423–427. doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2011.09.074
Zhenyuan J, Xiaoping S, Minzhi L, Hu Z, Guoxing Z, Kangmin C (2013) Synthesis of reduced graphene oxide/CeO2 nanocomposites and their photocatalytic properties. Nanotechnology 24:115603
Acknowledgments
This project is supported by the National Council of Science and Technology (CONACyT) No. CB2009-128723 and scholarship No. 355201. Also we are indebted with Institute of Science and Technology of Federal District (ICyT 326/11). The authors are very thankful to M. Sci. Adolfo Tavira Fuentes for the XRD measurements and also LANE-Cinvestav, especially Dr. Josué Romero Ibarra for the FESEM characterizations.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ortega-Amaya, R., Matsumoto, Y., Pérez-Guzmán, M.A. et al. In situ synthesis of Cu2O and Cu nanoparticles during the thermal reduction of copper foil-supported graphene oxide. J Nanopart Res 17, 397 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-015-3201-4
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-015-3201-4