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Surface grafting of reduced graphene oxide using nanocrystalline cellulose via click reaction

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Abstract

Reduced graphene oxide (RGO) sheet was functionalized with nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) via click coupling between azide-functionalized graphene oxide (GO-N3) and terminal propargyl-functionalized nanocrystalline cellulose (PG-NCC). First, the reactive azide groups were introduced on the surface of GO with azidation of 2-chloroethyl isocyanate-treated graphene oxide (GO-Cl). Then, the resulted compounds were reacted with PG-NCC utilizing copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition. During the click reaction, GO was simultaneously reduced to graphene. The coupling was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared, Raman, DEPT135, and 13C NMR spectroscopy, and the complete exfoliation of graphene in the NCC matrix was confirmed with X-ray diffraction measurement. The degree of functionalization from the gradual mass loss of RGO-NCC suggests that around 23 mass % has been functionalized covalently. The size of both NCC and GO was found to be in nanometric range, which decreased after click reaction.

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Acknowledgments

The authors greatly acknowledge the University of Tabriz and Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology (RCPN) for the financial supports of this work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Research Laboratory of Dendrimers and Nanopolymers, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, P.O. Box: 51666, Tabriz, Iran

    Roya Kabiri & Hassan Namazi

  2. Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanonotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

    Hassan Namazi

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  1. Roya Kabiri
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  2. Hassan Namazi
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Correspondence to Hassan Namazi.

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Kabiri, R., Namazi, H. Surface grafting of reduced graphene oxide using nanocrystalline cellulose via click reaction. J Nanopart Res 16, 2474 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-014-2474-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-014-2474-3

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